2: Aging Population Flashcards
Demography
the study of the size, structure (age), and distribution of human populations
Population is aging because of 3 demographic changes
- Increasing Life Expectancy
- Declining Fertility rates
- Immigration
- life expectancy
average number of years a person is PROJECTED to live
- NOT average age at the time of death
Better medical treatment
○ Lower fatality rates
Better public health, effective health promotion
○ Seat belts, smoking cessation
- epidemiological transition
life expectancy @ birth
M: 80
W: 84
Epidemiological transition
the replacement of infectious disease by chronic degenerative disease over time
- majority of the population gains reliable access to the basic material necessities of life
○ People live longer
○ Chronic disease don’t kill people quickly
- Declining Fertility rates
More developed countries = low TFR
Least developed countries = higher TFR
- Baby boom (1946-65)
- Baby bust (after 1965)
Fertility Rate vs Birth Rate
Fertility = individual measure
- Average # of live births a woman can be expected to have in her lifetime
- NOT the # of times a women gets pregnant
Birth = population measure
- Number of live births per 1000 women
4 Stages of Demographic Transition
stage 1: high fertility & mortality
- small pop. , slow growth
- + young people, - older people
stage 2: high fertility & declining mortality
- pop. grows (more children survive)
- pop. may explode and get younger
- (- )older peolpe
stage 3: declining fertility & mortality
- pop. growth levels = state of transition from young high-growth to old low-growth pop.
- + older people
stage 4: low fertility & mortality
- low pop. growth
- ++ old people
- Immigration
INCREASING dependency ratio
overall dependency ratio
pop. 0-19 + pop. 65+ // pop. 20-64
^^those who work^^
^^no economic^^
contribution
Youth dependency ratio
pop. 0-19 / pop. 20-64
Old age dependency ratio
of people age 65+ / population age 20 -64
apocalyptic demography
Treated people living longer as a burden to society
T of F Canada’s population = one of the older populations in the world
TRUE
Demographers use at least 3 measures of population aging
- # of older people in a population
- Median age of a population
- Proportion of older people in a population
T or F
Increase in # of older people (65+) will happen simultaneously as world has a decrease in children
developed, less developed, least developed regions
Developed regions: more developed countries
○ Europe, North America, Australia/New Zealand, Japan
Less developed regions: developing socio-economically
○ China, India, Brazil .etc
Least developed: 47 countries that are the poorest economically and have weak human indicators
○ Haiti, Niger, Yemen, Democratic Republic of the Congo .etc
least developed nations
High fertility rates, lower life expectancy, low % of older people
- need to support dependent children and older pop.
may need hybrid system: family support + government programs
Hardships due to rapid urbanization
The Grandmothers to Grandmothers Campaign
○ Stephen Lewis Foundation (SLF) created to support African grandmothers caring for children orphaned by AIDs
less developed nations
Declining fertility rates and rising life expectancies
- will have larger proportions of older people than ever before
- don’t have social services or economic resources to help elderly poor (developing economy)
developed nations
High proportion of older people in pop., will continue to get older
Increase in healthcare & pension costs
○ requires economy and political support
Median age
= 1/2 the population is older and 1/2 is younger than the median age
- Increase in median age, # and % of seniors
what has played the smallest part in aging population
immigration
Immigration in first decade of 20th century accounted for __% of total population increase
44%
○ Most came as children or young adults
○ Helped keep population young
- high birth rates due to young immigrants
Death rate
of deaths per 1,000 people in a population
