4- pathology of MSK tumours

Question 1

what are 3 common & benign lesions?

Answer 1

1. ganglion cysts
2. giant cell tumour
3. fibromatosis

Question 2

what are ganglion cysts?

Answer 2

soft, squishy, mobile peripheral lumps that are near joint capsule sheat
- common at wrists

Question 3

what are giant cell tumours?

Answer 3

= benign & multiple nucleated

2 types
1. pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) - more destructive & diffuse, at large joints (difficult to excise)
2. giant cell tumour of bone (GCTS) - small nodules

Question 4

what is fibromatosis?

Answer 4

= common benign lesion (fibrous & connective tissue)

• a few types = dupuytren’s contractures, knuckle pads, plantar fibromatosis, penile lesions, deep fibromatosis

Question 5

what are fat tumours examples?

Answer 5

1. angiolipoma = benign, multiple & peripheral, painful subcutaneous lesions
2. liposarcoma = malignant

Question 6

what are some different types of painful sub tissue lesions? (ANGEL)

Answer 6

A - angiolipoma
N - neuroma (traumatic)
G - glomus tumour (nail beds)
E = eccrine spiradenoma (skin adnexal tumour)
L - cutaneous leiomyoma

Question 7

what are some examples of smooth muscle tumours?

Answer 7

leiomyoma = benign, common since smooth muscle everywhere
leiomyoma sarcoma = malignant

Question 8

what are examples of skeletal muscle tumours?

Answer 8

• rhabdomyomas = rare
• rhabdomyosarcoma = malignant, more in younger

Question 9

what are 2 types of cartilage tumours?

Answer 9

(loads of variants)

enchondroma = benign, seen in digits, benign
chondrosarcomas = malignant, axial skeleton, older

Question 10

what are bone tumour examples?

Answer 10

simple osteoma = benign, big bones, multiple osteomas are part of gardners syndromes. osteoid osteomas are paediatric benign

osteosarcoma = malignant, mostly paediatric long bone. any malignant tumour producing osteoid is osteosarcoma until proven otherwise

Question 11

what are 2 uncertain origin tumours?

Answer 11

1. ewings sarcoma = paediatric, long bones, specific genetic abnormality t11:22
2. synovial sarcoma

Question 12

what is pseudo sarcomas? 2 examples?

Answer 12

tissue repairing itself in weird way

• nodular fasciitis = any age group, rapid growth, small ish, often history of preceding illness. common one to simulate malignancy
• myositis ossificans = like bone bruise, in big muscles preceding trauma, initial soft swelling then hardness develops over weeks