1- childrens normal growth & development

Question 1

what is swanson’s classification?

Answer 1

= classifies growth disorder based on aetiology

1. failure of formation
2. failure of separation
3. hypoplasia (smaller than should be)
4. overgrowth
5. duplication
6. skeletal dysplasia

Question 2

where are the 2 ossification centres in childrens bones?

Answer 2

primary ossification centre = in middle of bone
secondary ossification centre = at end of bone

*you can see as little white circle on x-ray

Question 3

what are zones of growth plate?

Answer 3

1. reserve zone where germinal cells are
2. proliferation zone where chondrocytes produced
3. hypertrophic zone which has maturation zone, degenerative zone & provision calcification zone
4. metaphysis = primary
   & secondary spongiosa

Question 4

what are types of disorders of growth? (like broad categories)

Answer 4

1. growth plate injury/arrest
2. growth plate overstimulation
3. lack of nutrition
4. vitamin deficiency
5. skeletal dysplasia
6. hormonal

Question 5

what is menarche?

Answer 5

1st time female has period - important since roughly 2 years left of growing

Question 6

what is risser sign?

Answer 6

classification system that measures skeletal maturity by evaluating ossification of iliac crest on xray

Question 7

what is salter harris classification?

Answer 7

classification of fracture - gets worse 1-5

S = straight (through growth plate)
A = above
L = lower
T = through
R = cRush or rammed

Question 8

what is skeletal dysplasia?

Answer 8

usually affect all bones and cause short stature & affect multiple systems

e.g. achondroplasia = spontaneous autosomal dominant