3- histology

Question 1

what is epimysium, perimysium and endomysium?

Answer 1

they are connective tissue layers

epimysium = covers whole muscle
perimysium = covers bundle of muscle fibres
endomysium = covers individual muscle fibre

Question 2

what are chondrocytes?

Answer 2

cartilage cells that are found in extracellular matrix (lacuna) and they secrete & maintain extracellular matrix

Question 3

what is extracellular matrix made up of?

Answer 3

75% water, 25% organic material (type II collagen, proteoglycan aggregates)

Question 4

where are type I and type II collagen fibres found?

Answer 4

type I = in tendon
type II = in cartilage

Question 5

what are 3 types of cartilage? where are they found?

Answer 5

1. hyaline (tracheal rings, costal cartilage, epiphyseal growth plate)
2. elastic (external ear, epiglottis, apices of arytenoid)
3. fibrocartilage (intervertebral discs)

Question 6

what are the 2 types of bone?

Answer 6

1. cancellous or spongy or trabecular
2. cortical or compact

Question 7

which bone type has haversian system?

Answer 7

compact/cortical bone has haversian system

• enters through nuclear foramen and circulates haversian canal
• volkmann’s canal connects 2 haversian canals

Question 8

what cells are in bone?

Answer 8

1. osteoprogenitor cells (stem cells)
2. osteoblasts (immature cells)
3. osteocytes (mature cells)
4. osteoclasts (on surface of bone for bone resorption)

Question 9

what is osteoid?

Answer 9

part of bone tissue made up of collagen, glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans (produced by osteoblasts, they then convert to bone)

Question 10

what mineral is bone made up of?

Answer 10

calcium phosphate crystals

Question 11

what is osteoblasts function?

Answer 11

they’re immature bone cells that actively secrete matrix (that will become bone)