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Module 4 - Product Handling, Storage, and Distribution > 4 - Packing > Flashcards

4 - Packing Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most widely used method of conveying

A

Pneumatic

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2
Q

Advantages of pneumatic conveying

A

Quick
clean
flexible

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3
Q

Disadvantage of pneumatic conveying

A

Moisture Loss

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4
Q

Label a typical packing process

A
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5
Q

Explain a flour packing process

A

Flour discharged from bulk silo using variable speed dischargers
Collected and mixed in a worm conveyor and discharged at constant rate
Flour passes over magnet and through redresser
Another magnet between redressing and packing line
Flour blown into pneumatic receiver
Drops into header bin
Material discharged to scale
Automatic bag placer supplies packer with empty sacks
Weighed flour is deposited into empty sacks on packer
Filled bags pass against posser
Flour is conveyed through bag coding and dinal metal detection
Bags are check weighed to ensure correct bag weight before palletisation

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6
Q

Why are magnets before and after redressing

A

Pre magnet provides protection against possible damage from ferrous metals entering the dresser
Post magnet can capture any pieces of damaged screen in the event of screen failure

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7
Q

What do magnets do

A

Protect machines from damage
Reduce the risk of possible ignition through friction

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8
Q

What do redressers do

A

Remove any cereal and non-cereal related foreign material larger than the installed sieve aperture

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9
Q

What size aperture is white flour redressed through

A

1mm or less

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10
Q

What size aperture is brown and wholemeal flour redressed through

A

6mm or more

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11
Q

What are the 2 parts flour weighing is divided into

A

Feed arrangement to the scale
Net Weigher/scale

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12
Q

What are the 2 types of feed arrangement

A

2 speed screw
Double screw feeder

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13
Q

How does a 2 speed screw function

A

2 speed motor drives a worm, high speed gives a fast coarse bulk feed up to 90%, the slow feed tops up the rest of the weight more accurately

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14
Q

How does a double screw feeder work

A

Feeder has 2 separate screws, one gives a coarse high volume feed, other has a fine low feed, both feed into a bucket, one gets up to 90%, the other tops up

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15
Q

Advantages of double screw feeder arrangement

A

Accurate feeding over a broad capacity range
Maximum sanitation due to optimised geometry

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16
Q

What are the 2 systems of weighing

A

Mechanical and electronic load cell system

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17
Q

How does a mechanical weighing system function

A

Pendulum lever counterbalances weight required, once required weight has been achieved and detected by lever system, screw feeders are shut off, hopper flap opens releasing flour down a spout - bomb door action

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18
Q

Advantages of an electronic load system

A

Versatile and highly accurateH

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19
Q

How does an electronic load system work

A

Steel pin is connected to a strain gauge is bent or pressed by weight on it, deformation in the pin changes the resistance in the strain gauge, which is directly proportional to the weight applied. Electrical signal from the strain gauge is measured and converted into a unit of weight

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20
Q

Advantages of an electronic load system/MSDD Bagging scale

A

Accurate weighing
High sanitation
High operating reliability
Easy operation and maintenace

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21
Q

What legislation must filled flour bags meet

A

Weights and measurements act 1985
Weights and measures regulations 1986

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22
Q

What are the 2 systems of weight requirements in the UK

A

Minimum weight
Average weight

23
Q

What are the 3 packers rules of average weight measurment

A

Actual contents of the bag should not be less than, on average, the nominal quantity
The proportion of bags having a negative error greater than the tolerable negative error (TNE) must be sufficiently small
No bag may have a negative error larger than twice the specified TNE

24
Q

What is the principle of minimum weight

A

Contents of the bag must weigh at least the minimum weight
Range of weights produced within a specified number of bags are limited - standard deviation

25
What is 'give away' in bag weighing
The difference between the minimum weight and the weight that the weighers are set to to take into account any scale innaccuracy and moisture loss in storage
26
What is a packer
A machine that enables flour to be deposited into an empty sack
27
What are the 3 types of packer
Valve packer Single spout open mouth packer Multi spout open mouth packer or carousel
28
What material is a valve packer used for
granular, flaked or cubed material
29
Advantages of a valve packer
Posing or bag shaking is unecessary Bag stitching is unecessary Bag is smaller Smaller sacks palletise better in terms of stability and space
30
Disadvantages of a valve packer
Sacks are more expensive Effective sealing is not easy as the method of closing relies on folded crepe or clinging Full filling bags can make them difficult to man handle Part emptying bags can be difficult Inaccurate weighing is more likely
31
How does a single spout packer work
Exact weight of flour is dropped from the scale pan through the packer spout into sack
32
How does a multi-spout packer work
Like a single spout, except the carousel rotates when a bag has been placed on the spout
33
Advantages of a multi spout packer
Modular design for maximum flexibility High throughput at low operating costs Optimised design for sanitation
34
What considerations are made when deciding if to use a bag packer
Speed of placement required Capital and maintenance costs of a machine compared to cost of doing job manually Machine reliability Accuracy and efficiency of machine Whether sacks are suitable for the machine
35
What is possing
As flour falls from scale to sack, it get aerated and bulk, the bag must be shaken to settle the contents
36
What are the types of stitching bag closure
Strip of crepe tape folded over the top of the bag. stitcher stitches top edge of the bag throuh the crepe tape - neat but costly Top of bag folded as it enters stitcher, stitcher stitches through the folded section. Can be costly bc of extra bag needed and blast of cool air needed on the needle No crepe or folding. Flour can seep out of bag when handled
37
Why must bags be coded
Traceability Stock control
38
what are the 3 types of bag coding
A ticket dispenser that places a ticket within the stitch line Mechanical printer fed with an ink pad An electronic printer that fires ink in dot form onto bag to form letters and numbers
39
What are the mandatory pieces of information on a label
Name of food List of ingredients Information on certain foods causing allergies Quantity of certain ingredients Net quantity of food Date mark Special storage conditions Name or business name Country of origin Instructions for use Alcoholic strength Nutrition declaration
40
What does the strength of the signal of a metal detector depend on
Size and shape of the piece of metal Type of metal Whether the material in which the metal is lying will send a signal of its own Position of metal in the bag with respect to detector Size of detector aperture
41
What are the requirements to take into account when choosing a sack design
Customer requirements Handling - how much handling will the sack suffer Packing - Types of equipment used Sack size Closed end design Method of closure
42
What does the sack size choice depend on
Density of product Weight to be packed into each sack Whether bags are fed onto a pallet of restricted size
43
What is a mini bulk container
Sack with disposable sack inside
44
What are the problems with minibulk containers
More difficult to fit on packing spout Have to be inflated prior to filling Must always be sufficient length of inner liner neck Both inner and outer liners have to be tied off Overall packing time is longer
45
In a packing process, identify all the items installed specifically for product protection reasons and state the impurities removed for each item
Magnets - before the redresser to remove ferrous metals so they cant damage equipment further down, and after a redresser to ensure any ferrous metals that may have come from a damaged screen in the even of screen failure are removed Redressers - To remove any non cereal and cereal related foreign material larger than the installed sieve aperture so it does not end up in the final product Metal detectors - Removes any ferrous and non ferrous metals that may be within a bag so they dont go out to customers
46
T/F Gluing or stitching can be used to close bags
True
47
What is the purpose of an in-line check weigher
Last bag weigh check in the packing process and ensures any under or over weight bags in the system are rejected Can be programmed to stop the line Control panel has pre-programmed min and max weight values
48
What are the requirements of Food Information Regulation
Label should contain information regarding allergens Label should not mislead consumer Label should always be clear and legible
49
Why are metal detectors used in packing lines
Product protection Ensure ferrous and non ferrous metals within the sensitivity range are removed before bags are despatched
50
What factors may affect the testing frequency of a metal detector
Capacity of the packer and warehousing techniques employed. Testing frequency should be set to ensure efficient product recall
51
What materials are FIBC's usually made from
Polyproylene
52
Why have intermediate bulk containers become popular
Reduce chance of contamination from paper and string Minimal capital investment
53
How can FIBCs be filled
By weighing the flour into the bag using a packing scale, or by weighing the bag as it is being filled from a 2 speed screw conveyor or discahrger with the bag resting on a load cell weigh platform. Possing is then required.

Module 4 - Product Handling, Storage, and Distribution (9 decks)

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