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Module 4 - Product Handling, Storage, and Distribution > 2 - Bulk Storage > Flashcards

2 - Bulk Storage Flashcards

1
Q

What are final products

A

Flour, bran, wheatfeed

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2
Q

What are the advantages of packing from bulk bins vs packing directly from the mill

A

Improved packing efficiency
Packing can be carried out as a daytime activity
Flour stored more hygienically
Less warehouse space needed
White and brown flours can be packed on separate lines
A final redresser prior to packing can be used as an additional safeguard against product contamination

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3
Q

Disadvantages of packing from bulk bins

A

Attention must be paid to bin cleanliness
A number of bags packed when changing from one flour to another will need remixing as they will not be of the correct specification
Capital cost of bulk bins is high

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4
Q

What are the bags set aside for remixing from packing from bulk bins called

A

traps, rework or remix

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5
Q

Label a bulk storage plant for daytime packing and bulk delivery

A

Label the picture

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6
Q

What are bulk storage design factors

A

Capacity and number of bins
Material of construction

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7
Q

What are the number of bins dependent on

A

Capacity of mill
Whether the mill is multi grist or single grist
Operates a flour blending system
Split between bulk and bagged flour
The co-products used

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8
Q

How much storage should a mill have

A

a week of flour and 3-4 days of wheatfeed

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9
Q

What factors affect the number and capacity of finished product silos

A

If the mill is multi grist or single grist
Degree of flour blending undertaken

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10
Q

What used to be the most common bin construction material

A

Concrete

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11
Q

What is the current most common bin construction material

A

Steel

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12
Q

Advantages of steel bins vs concrete

A

Cheaper
Don’t crack
Lighter - less foundation needed
Easier to install
Can be dismantled, moved and re-erected
Can be freestanding
Can be used as soon as they are completed

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13
Q

What other materials can modern bins be made of

A

Aluminium
Fibreglass

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14
Q

Rectangular or circular bins depends on

A

Space available
Cost
Personal preference

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15
Q

What factors affect bin design

A

Bin diameter
Wall surfaces
Access to bin
Bin height

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16
Q

What is the minimum diameter of a bin

A

1.5m

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17
Q

What is bridging

A

How the material forms a bridge between hopper walls above discharge level

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18
Q

What should wall surfaces be

A

Smooth
Hygienic
Easy to clean

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19
Q

Why is access to the bin needed

A

For cleaning and maintenance

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20
Q

What are requirements for access to the bin

A

Manhole in the top of the bin
Bin interior covered with a safety grid
Inside of bin to be lit

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21
Q

Who carries out bin cleaning

A

Approved and competent silo cleaners

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22
Q

Where is best for access to a bin

A

The bottom

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23
Q

How is bin height limited

A

To a point where no excess stress by weight of the product in the bin is put on the hopper

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24
Q

What does correct hopper design mean

A

The products are discharged correctly

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25
What does products being discharged correctly from a hopper mean
The full cross sectional area of the bin contents is gradually lowered
26
Hopper design for rectangular or square bins involves
1 vertical side and others no less than 60' Outlet as large as possible
27
Hopper design for a cylindrical bin with twin worm dischargers
Hopper should have a rectangular section discharge One side vertical with remaining side not less than 60'
28
Cylindrical bin with a bin activator discharger
Round hopper outlet Opening as large as possible
29
T/F Bulk storage bins are always made of steel
False
30
Name the 3 types of bin dischargers
Fluidised, Mechanical, Vibrating
31
What type of material can fluidised dischargers handle
Powdered
32
How does a fluidised discharger work
Air is introduced to the lower chamber at low pressures. Air passes up through a porous deck made of porous tiles and perforated plastic or woven cotton/nylon. Air fluidises the stock above it Material flows like a liquid towards the outlet
33
label a diagram of a fluidised discharger
34
What are the advantages of a fluidised discharger
Clean to use as no moving parts Can empty a storage bin completely Can cover a large area, minimising the size of the hoppers Easy to incorporate into remote control systems High rates of discharge
35
What is a fluidised discharger not recommended for
Bran and other flaky products
36
What do mechanical dischargers do
agitate the product at the hopper outlet where bridging is most likely to occur
37
What are the 3 main types of mechanical dishcarger
Twin worm, Ribbon screw, Rotating barrel
38
How does a twin worm discharger work
2 extractor screws that increase in pitch and diameter towards the outlet, providing uniform flow across whole discharger area It measures by volume not weight
39
What do twin worm dischargers work on
Flour and Starch
40
What is a ribbon screw discharger used on
Bran and wheatfeed
41
How does a ribbon discharger work
Spiral ribbon screws agitate material and ensure an even discharge One of the screw shafts is coupled directly to a geared motor mounted on the casing, other screws are driven from this shaft by equal gears Screws are contra-rotating
42
How does a rotating barrel discharger work
2 hollow drums, on which are fixed several vanes Rotors fit inside close-fitting casing Complete assembly is fitted to the underside of the bin As rotors revolve, vanes fill with product which then drops through an outlet on the bottom of the casing
43
What is the most common type of vibrating discharger
Bin activator
44
How does a vibrating discharger work
An activated outer section that incorporates a conical baffle plate Section connected to stationary section by 4 rubber mounted steel connecting rods which allow vibratory movement Rubber sleeve surround the sections preventing dust escape
45
How should vibrating dischargers run
Continuously
46
How is the vibration provided in a vibrating discharger
Counterweighted electric motors
47
T/F Fluidised dischargers are never used on powdery materials
False
48
How do evasser pads operate
They inject air in 2 directions simultaneously, into the flour and onto the hopper wall
49
What type of stocks can a vibrating discharger be used for
Flour, gluten, creta, branny materials
50
What are the 2 main types of conveying to bins
Mechanical and pneumatic
51
What affects the amount of dust produced
The manner of convyeing
52
What happens if a bin becomes over pressurised
increased risk of dust explosion pest control problems escape of dust conveying problem
53
What happens if the exhaust rate is to great
Negative pressure can cause the bin to collapse
54
What are the 2 main methods of bin exhaust
Central exhaust and individual bin exhaust
55
How does a central exhaust work
Complete exhaust system installed with trunking to each bin top, connected to a fan and a dust collector. Any flour lifted by filter goes to central exhaust system Only bins being filled need it
56
What are the advantages of central exhaust
More efficient
57
What are the disadvantages of central exhaust
Care needed to ensure branny material cannot settle in the wrong bin
58
How does individual bin exhaust work
A filter unit with either automatic shaking mechanism or reverse jet cleaning is installed on the top of each bin Size of unit depends on amount of air used Air enters area above bins after passing through filters
59
What are the advantages of individual bin exhaust
Better for use where bins exist in isolation Better where distance or space preclude installation of pipework Filter cleaning can be undertaken when that bin is not being filled
60
What are the disadvantages of individual bin exhaust
Can release finer particles to atmosphere More prone to infestation problems
61
What are the main types of measuring the amount of product in a bin
Capacitance Mechanical Ultrasonic
62
Give an example of each type of measuring bin contents
capacitance- continuous level indicator mechanical - bin dipping devices ultrasonic - sound waves
63
What are the advantages of bulk bin mounted on load cells
constant readout accurate loading of bulk tankers physical stock taking can be limited to accounting periods
64
What is a simpler option for bin contents monitoring
Use of scales to weigh in and weigh out
65
Give 10 factors to be considered when planning for bin safety
no one must enter a confined space unless they have been authorised to do so on a permit to work Issuer of permit to work should ensure that people doing the work are suitably trained A check to ensure the bin is empty must be made before starting work Any plant that feeds material in or out of the bin must be completely isolated Measured should be taken to minimise heat stress Lifting equipment and accessories must be checked to ensure they are sound Adequate emergency procedures implemented and known Access must be according to a safe working method Atmosphere must be tested before and during procedure to ensure an oxygen level above 19% On completion person in charge of carrying out work must return the permit to work to issuer
66
5 summary points of bin access and safety
Avoid entry to confined spaces where possible Where entry cannot be avoided, a safe system of work must be developed based on a suitable risk assessment Always use a permit to work system for entry Ensure that adequate procedures for rescue and communication are documented, communicated and tested Ensure that all people involved in confined spaces work are competent and trained in relevant procedures
67
What is common with bins with a flat top
Dead space at the top which can become infested
68
What does the amount of dust and condensation accumulated in a bin depend on
Type of mill Method of conveying flour to bins Design of exhaust system Type of bin installation
69
When do dust explosions occur
When dust and air are present in the right mix with a source of ignition
70
Is it easier to prevent a dust cloud, or a source of ignition
A source of ignition
71
Where is the explosion relief for a flat topped bin
The top of the bin
72
T/F Fluidised dischargers are never used on powdery materials
False
73
Which type of bin contents monitoring is considered to be the most accurate?
Load cells
74
What type of bin content monitoring is easiest to retrofit to an existing bin
Ultrasonic level indicator
75
T/F There are some instances where entry to a confined space does not require a risk assessment
False
76
What can be introduced into a bin to minimise condensation
Dehumidified air
77
T/F The introduction of peeling and debranning has compounded the difficulties of storing wheatfeed
True
78
Identify 3 factors that can increase the difficulty of storing wheatfeed
High humidity High temperature Moisture contents above 14.5%
79
What types of dischargers could be used for wheatfeed
Vibro-dischargers, Twin worm dischargers and multiple worm dischargers
80
What is the scheme that covers assurance standards for the supply of feed materials
FEMAS

Module 4 - Product Handling, Storage, and Distribution (9 decks)

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