4. Module 1 Applied Sports Science- Cross innervation and Endurance

Question 1

What is cross innervation

Answer 1

Switching the nerve supply of muscles to test the time taken for impulses to fire

Question 2

What are tonic muscles?

Answer 2

Muscles that have a tonic tension and are active most of the time

Made up of mainly slow motor units

Question 3

What are phasic muscles?

Answer 3

Muscles that are only active occasionally. made up of predominetently fast motor units

Question 4

How are these muscles activated (in a rat model)

Answer 4

Tonic- continous low frequency

Phasic- bursts of high frequency

Question 5

How does calcium effect the innervation of muscle fibres?

Answer 5

In tonic muscles calcium is currently circulating at high levels and interacting with calcium neuron A thererfore activating NFAT and activating the fast fibre program

In phasic muscles calcium occurs in bursts but is not sufficient enough to activate the slow muscle pathway so the fast fibre pathway activates

Question 6

What is the gold standard for endurance

Answer 6

V02 max

Question 7

What other factors can be used to measure VO2 max from other factors?

Answer 7

HR
Weight
Work load
Age
Gender
Lactate (clearance)