3. Module 1- Applied Physiology Endurance and Exercise

Question 1

Define the different types of muscle fibre architecture listed below:

Fusiform

Pennate

Bipennate

Multipennate

Answer 1

Fusiform- Fibres and longitudinal with relation to the anatomical course of the muscle

Pennate- fibres are more oblique with relation to the anaotmicla course of the muscle

Bipennate- fibres are eqaully oblique but in different directions, with reference to the anatomical course of the muscle.

Multipennate- fibres do not have an arranged structure and will have variying degrees of obliquety with reference to the anatomicla course

Question 2

What are the advatages of pennation (changing the orientation of muscle fibres?)

Answer 2

Pennation increases the maximises the force generated by a muscle.

Question 3

Using examples of muscle groups in the body describe pennate and mutiform

Answer 3

Hamstrings and dorsiflexors- much more fusiform fibres, less powerful muscles

Quadriceps and plantar flexors- moe pennation occured, more powerful.

Question 4

How does pennation work to increase the force generated by mucles

Answer 4

Increases cross sectional area as oppose to fusiform muscles where all of the muscles contract at once

This is due to the tilt of the fibres

Question 5

How is pennation translated into small fibres and long fibres?

Answer 5

Long fibres are also known as fusiform fibres. They do not have long cross sectional areas and therefore produce less force

Small fibres are high in pennation. They have large cross sectional areas and therefore can produce more force.

Question 6

What question do i have for the tutorial? (edit next two slides if the answer is no)

Answer 6

Is pennation the same as having sarcomeres in parallel?

Question 7

What can be said in relation ot pennation and fibres running in parallel?

Answer 7

More sarcomeres in parallel= pennation

More sarcomeres in series= fusiform muscles

Question 8

With reference to force velocity and shortening capacity what is tru about pennation and fusiform muscles ?

Answer 8

Pennation with increase force but reduce velocity and shortening capacity

Fusiform muscles will have no change in force but will double the velocity and shortening capacity

Question 9

Homework part 2!

Answer 9

Look into relationships between penantion and acitivites

Question 10

What are the advantages of the one rep max?

Answer 10

Determines maximum force production value. Simply need maximum force production value

Question 11

What are the disadvantages of the one rep max?

? question for tutorial

Answer 11

Only suitable for single muscle groups.

Various equations are not applicable on a broad spectrum for various muscle groups

?

Question 12

What other parameters can be used to determine muscle function?

Answer 12

Neuromuscular input

Muscle mass- MRI

Muscle activation- EMG

Muscle performance- muscle force and power (dynanoeter)

Question 13

What is a dyanoeter?

Answer 13

Muscle grip machine

Question 14

What parameters does the one rep max miss out on?

Answer 14

Integrated factor that ultimately tells you the strenght of the muscle.

It does not tell you the mass of the muscle, how well activated it is or the performance of the muscle itself

Question 15

Question?

Answer 15

neuro-muscular performance slide. Unsure how that fits in? ? re-watch before practicial.