4. Laboratory Considerations

Question 1

Polychrome stains used to stain slides of peripheral blood and bone marrow

Answer 1

Wright or Wright-Giemsa (Romanowsky-type stains)

Question 2

Fixative in Wright-Giemsa

Answer 2

Methanol

Question 3

Cellular components stained by eosin

Answer 3

Basic elements:

• Hgb
• basic proteins

Question 4

Cellular components stained by methylene blue

Answer 4

Acidic elements:

• cell nuclei
• immature cell cytoplasm

Question 5

Counting chamber used for manual cell counting

Answer 5

Hemacytometer

Question 6

Area of 1 square (out of 9 squares) of a hemacytometer

Answer 6

1 mm^2

Question 7

Total volume accomodated by a hemacytometer

Answer 7

0.9 mm^3

Question 8

Total area of a hemacytometer

Answer 8

9 mm^3

Question 9

Volume of packed RBCs occupying a specific volume of whole blood

Answer 9

Hematocrit (Hct)

Question 10

Hct is expressed in

Answer 10

• percentage

- liters per liter

Question 11

Sample of blood used for retic counting

Answer 11

EDTA whole blood

Question 12

Type of stain used in retic counting

Answer 12

Supravital stain

Question 13

Stain used in retic counting

Answer 13

New methylene blue

Question 14

Cellular constituents that take up the supravital stain

Answer 14

• RNA

- residual organelles

Question 15

Ocular used in retic counting

Answer 15

Miller ocular

Question 16

What is thprinciple used in sickle cell testing?

Answer 16

Difference of solubility properties of various Hgb

Question 17

Hgb seen in sickle cell disease

Answer 17

Hgb S

Question 18

Reagents used in sickle cell testing

Answer 18

• lysing agent

- dithionite solution (reducing agent)

Question 19

Positive reaction in sickle cell testing

Answer 19

Precipitation/cloudy

Question 20

More definitive tests for sickle cell testing

Answer 20

• Hgb electrophoresis
• HPLC
• Isoelectric focusing

Question 21

Screening test for screening/monitoring various inflammatory states

Answer 21

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

Question 22

Manual methods for determining ESR

Answer 22

Westergen

Wintrobe

Question 23

2 principles used in cell counters

Answer 23

Impedance

Optical

Question 24

Cell counter principle based on changes in electrical charge as cells (have low conductivity) move through an electrically conductive fluid to determine cell count

Answer 24

Impedance

Question 25

The number of pulses in impedance counters corresponds to

Answer 25

Cell count

Question 26

The pulse size in impedance counters correspond to

Answer 26

Cell size

Question 27

Cell counter principle where it uses light scatter to determine the size and complexity of cells present as a single cell moves through a focused light source

Answer 27

Optical counts

Question 28

Reagent used in Hgb measurement

Answer 28

Cyanmethemoglobin

Question 29

Usual collection site for bone marrow samples

Answer 29

Posterior superior iliac crest

Question 30

Bone marrow sample used to assess morphology and perform a diff count and M:E ratio

Answer 30

Aspirate

Question 31

Normal range for M:E ratio

Answer 31

2:1 to 4:1

Question 32

Bone marrow sample used to determine bone marrow cellularity

Answer 32

Core biopsy

Question 33

An automated method of sorting cells

Answer 33

Flow cytometry

Question 34

Factors that cause normal ranges to vary

Answer 34

- Age - Gender - Population - Geographic distribution

Question 35

Used in flow cytometry to determine cell size

Answer 35

Forward scatter

Question 36

Used in flow cytometry to determine complexity of a cell

Answer 36

Side scatter

Question 37

Electronic boundaries in flow cytometry to separate a specific population of interest

Answer 37

Gating

Question 38

Flow cytometry; cell in suspension move through sheath fluid in a single-file line, allowing each to individually pass through a laser light

Answer 38

Hydrodynamic focusing