2. Hemoglobin

Question 1

Place where heme is synthesized

Answer 1

Mitochondria

Question 2

Composition of a normal Hgb

Answer 2

• 4 heme molecules

- 4 globin molecules

Question 3

RBC stages that produce hemoglobin

Answer 3

• Pronormoblast
• Basophilic normoblast
• Polychromatophilic normoblast
• Orthochromic normoblast
• Reticulocyte

Question 4

Composition of the globin portion of Hgb

Answer 4

• 2 α chains

- 2 non-α chains

Question 5

Globin chains controlled by Chromosome 16

Answer 5

α & ζ chains

Question 6

Globin chains controlled by Chromosome 11

Answer 6

β, γ, δ, and ε chains

Question 7

Function of Hgb

Answer 7

Transport of gases

Question 8

The primary Hgb for gas transport in the body

Answer 8

Oxyhemoglobin

Question 9

Hgb variant that contains Fe3+ instead of Fe2+

Answer 9

Methemoglobin

Question 10

Heme is composed of

Answer 10

• protoporphyrin IX ring

- Fe2+

Question 11

Methemoglobin production is controlled by

Answer 11

Methemoglobin reductase pathway

Question 12

Hgb variant formed as a result of oxidation of Hgb by materials containing sulfur

Answer 12

Sulfhemoglobin

Question 13

Hgb variant that can lead to cyanosis

Answer 13

Sulfhemoglobin

Question 14

Hgb variant resulting from heme iron-binding carbon monoxide

Answer 14

Carboxyhemoglobin

Question 15

Hgb variant that has a high O2 affinity; will not give up O2 to tissues to the tissues easily

Answer 15

Carboxyhemoglobin

Question 16

Process of energy production utilized by RBCs

Answer 16

Anaerobic glycolysis: Embden-Meyerhof pathway

Question 17

Functions of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway

Answer 17

• maintain cation gradients
• maintain RBC membrane flexibility
• supply offshoot pathways

Question 18

3 offshoot pathways of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway

Answer 18

• hexose monophosphate shunt
• methemoglobin reductase pathway
• Rapoport-Luebering pathway

Question 19

Embden-Meyerhof pathway offshoot; protection of the RBC from oxidant damage by production of reduced glutathione

Answer 19

Hexose monophosphate shunt

Question 20

Embden-Meyerhof pathway offshoot; maintains iron in the ferrous form

Answer 20

Methemoglobin reductase pathway

Question 21

Embden-Meyerhof pathway offshoot; regulation of O2 delivery to tissues by the production of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG)

Answer 21

Rapoport-Luebering pathway

Question 22

Produced in hexose monophosphate shunt for protection of RBCs from oxidant damage

Answer 22

Reduced glutathione

Question 23

Produced in the Rapoport-Luebering pathway for regulation of O2 delivery

Answer 23

2,3-BPG

Question 24

Hgbs found during the embryonic stage

Answer 24

Gower 1
Gower 2
Portland

Question 25

Hgbs found during the fetal stage

Answer 25

Hgb F
Hgb A
Hgb A2

Question 26

Hgbs found during adult stage

Answer 26

Hgb A
Hgb A2
Hgb F

Question 27

Globin chains of Gower 1

Answer 27

2ζ & 2ε

Question 28

Globin chains of Gower 2

Answer 28

2α & 2ε

Question 29

Globin chains of Portland

Answer 29

2ζ & 2γ

Question 30

Globin chains of Hgb F

Answer 30

2α & 2γ

Question 31

Globin chains of Hgb A

Answer 31

2α & 2β

Question 32

Globin chains of Hgb A2

Answer 32

2α & 2δ