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STEP 2CK Review > 4 Infectious Disease > Flashcards

4 Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Cipro, Levo, Moxi: how to think about them:

A

All are good against G negs, and get better with G positives. Starting fro Cipro (good UTI) to Levo, to Moxi (good PNA).

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2
Q

Abx for CAP PNA?

  • outpt
  • inpt

Why Moxi not good?

A

outpt: azithro
inpt: Cef + azithro

Moxi: works, but try not to use b/c breed resistance to quinolones in UTIs

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3
Q

HCAP Abx?

A

Vanc + Zosyn

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4
Q

Meningitis abx

add ampicilin for what criteria? (6)

A

Cef + Vanc.
+ ampicillin in young/old, + acyclovir if suspect herpes
+steroids possibly.

Immunosuppresed:

  1. elderly
  2. neonate
  3. mab
  4. chemo
  5. HIV
  6. transplant
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5
Q

UTI abx for:

  1. ambulatory UTI
  2. ambulatory pyelo
  3. inpt pyelo
  4. sick as shit
A
  1. cipro, amox, or nitrofurantoin
  2. Cipro
  3. ceftriaxone
  4. vanc+ zosyn
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6
Q

which UTI abx to use in pregnancy

A

nitrofurantoin (macrobid) is only one

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7
Q

Cellulitis abx (3 main choices)

A
  1. cephazolin (keflex). – Outpt, for possible strep

These if you think MRSA:

  1. Bactrim
  2. Clinda
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8
Q

Pt with suspected meningitis. Who needs CT scan first?

A 
"FAILS"
Focal neuro deficit
AMS
Immunocompromised
Lesion over puncture site
Seizure
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9
Q

Pt with HIV and suspected meningitis. You get LP, which shows 97% lymphs, 250 WBCs, high protein, low gluc, high opening pressure. No bact seen on Gram stain.

What tests to order?

A
  1. RPR for syphilis
  2. cryptococcal Ag
  3. AFB smear and culture
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10
Q

HIV ppx at what CD4 count, what med, and what backup meds?

3 infections

A
  1. PCP. <200. Bactrim, Dapsone, Atovaquone
  2. Toxo. <100. Bactrim, Primaquine
  3. MAC. <50. Azithro
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11
Q

IRIS–immune reconstitution inflamm syndrome

what is this

A

Starting HAART during severe infection can lead to poor outcome. Eg, in HIV pt with meningitis, HAART can cause immune response to increase ICP and cause herniation and death.

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12
Q

Your post-op pt develops PNA at post-op day 3. Allergic to penicillin with anaphylaxis. What can you give him?

A

HAP. So normally Vanc and Zosyn, but pen allergic.

MRSA: Vanc or Linezolid
Pseudomonas: Penem. Cipro covers pseudomonas but not enough strep. Ceftriaxone or Cefepime possible if allergy was just rash.

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13
Q

Person comes to ED with possible HIV exposure (needle stick, rape, condom failures). Do what

A

PEP. 2+1 retroviral for 4 weeks. Get viral load PCR

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14
Q

Pt with possible acute HIV. What test to get?

A

Get PCR for viral load.

NOT ELISA b/c it takes 6 weeks after infxn to create Ab.

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15
Q

HIV pt with PCP PNA. What tx, and when to add steroids?

A

Bactrim. Add prednisone if PaO2<70

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16
Q

TB: primary vs reactivation lesions: where in lungs?

A

primary: usu in middle and lower lobes
reactivation: apices, where O2 is highest

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17
Q

PPD screen:
>5mm
>10mm
>15mm

who’s in which category

A

(> or equal)

> 5mm: very sick.
HIV, TB close contacts, immunocompromised

> 10mm: normal ppl with risk factors.
prison, military, healthcare, homeless

> 15mm: no risk factors
soccer mom in Wyoming

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18
Q

Asx TB screening. What to do if?

  1. PPD +, CXR -
  2. PPD+, CXR +
A
  1. No active infection. Latent. PPx INH for 9mo, + VitB6
  2. Don’t know if latent or active. Do AFB.
    1) AFB+: active TB, do RIPE. actively infectious!!
    2) AFB-: latent TB. PPx INH for 9mo, + VitB6
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19
Q

Sick pt in ED, you suspect active TB. How to approach, and what tests?

A
  1. CXR looking for apical lesions.
  2. Sputum AFB smears and cultures. CXR + or -, can’t r/o active TB, so get these even negative CXR. 3 AM AFB smears, or 3 smears q8h.
  3. If +culture, then active TB. RIPE.

If -culture, then Latent TB but sxs NOT caused by TB. Do PPx INH x9mo, and look for something else, maybe malignancy.

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20
Q

When is TB sputum culture positive a false positive?

A

False positive with MAC. Can occur with pt with suspected acute TB with CXR- but Cx+.

21
Q

TB drug side effects

A 
RIPE
Rifampin--red urine/eye/tears
Isoniazid--neuropathy (give B6)
Pyrazinamide--Gout/hyperuricemia
Ethambutol--color vision

ALL have Hepatotox.

22
Q

SIRS, sepsis, and severe sepsis criteria:

A 
2/4:
Temp <36, >38
HR >90
RR >20 or pCO2<32
WBC <4, >12, or >10% bands

severe sepsis: SIRS+source, + organ dxsfunction:

  • Vessels: SBP<90 or 40 less than nl
  • Tissue: lactate >4
  • Renal: elevated BUN, Cr
  • Liver: LFTs, coags
  • Heart: Trops
  • Brain: AMS
23
Q

CURB 65

A 
Confusion, new onset
Urea >7 (or BUN>19)
RR 30+
BP: SBP <90 or DBP =60
Age 65+

1: outpt
2. outpt with close f/u, or admit
3-5: admit, with possible ICU

24
Q

pt with suspected meningitis: You give empiric abx before CT and LP. How much time you have to get LP?

A

2-hr window to collect CSF

25
Q

Fungal skin infections: how to approach?

  1. 3 presentations to know
  2. how to dx
  3. tx
A
  1. patchy alopecia, patchy skin discoloration, itchy burning feet
  2. dx with KOH prep and cx, but usu not necessary.
  3. Hair or nail involvement? if so, systemic antifungals–over several months.

Otherwise, topical. Terbinafine for several weeks.

26
Q

erysipeloid vs typical cellulitis

A

erysipeloid: with ascending lymphangitis, caused by strep

Typical: staph: expanding erythema

27
Q

Ostemyelitis risk factors and bugs

  • MCC
  • penetrating sneakers
  • sickle cell
  • erysipeloid (hands)
  • DM, PVD
A
  • staph
  • pseudomonas
  • salmonella
  • strep pyo
  • polymicrobial
28
Q

Osteomyelitis tx

A

Vanc+Zosyn immediately only if toxic, then abx based on sens:

  • 1 time bone bx for cx and sens. Do this quickly so broad spec abx doesn’t spoil the bx.
  • tx for 4-6 weeks.
  • CRP, ESR, and MRI qweek.
29
Q

Pt in ED with suspected gas gangrene on skin. What things to do next?

A

Suspicion based on creptius. Get XR to look for air (spec, not sens)

-Call surgery for emergency debridement. Start PCN and Clinda. Consider hyperbaric O2

30
Q

CAP, HCAP, HAP, VAP definitions

A

HCAP: recently hospitalized within 90 days, reside in nursing home or long-term care facility, or received parenteral antimicrobial tx, chemo, or wound care within 30 days.
HAP: 48h+ after admission.
VAP: 48h+ after intubation

31
Q

CAP PNA bugs to know with risk factors:

  • MCC
  • atypical (2)
  • atypical and smoker
  • COPD/smokers
  • drunks
  • after viral URI
  • aspiration
A
  • strep pneumo, always MCC
  • mycoplasma/chlamydia
  • legionella
  • H influenza
  • klebsiella
  • staph (add Vanc if Cef+Azithro not working in CAP)
  • anaerobes, GNR, staph, strep pneumo
32
Q

Sick pt in ED, HIV with suspected PCP PNA. Do what

A

BAL with silver stain, to r/o a rapidly fatal PCP (can progress to ARDS)

Bactrim, steroids

33
Q

Atypical PNA with mycoplasma: what to know

A

assoc with IgM cold agglutinin dz

34
Q
  • complicated UTI criteria (5)

- how is tx different?

A
  • male
  • pyelo
  • anatomic defect
  • pregnant
  • Foley

-tx requires 7 days abx vs 3d for uncomplicated

35
Q

Pyelo inpatient treatment:

A

Admit, give empiric abx (ceftriaxone). If better by 48h, d/c with 14d outpt abx (cipro).

If not improving (fever resolving) after 48h, possible abscess. Do U/S or CT, then drain.

36
Q

Males with UTI sxs, low back pain, and fever, but no CVA tenderness. No testicular tenderness. consider what?

A

Consider prostatitis.

Do rectal exam

37
Q

Syphilis: 3 stages: sxs, dx, tx

A
  1. painless chancre, possible inguinal LAD.
    - Darkfield microscopy (serology useful only >4weeks)
    - IM Pen G
  2. rash palms/soles
    - RPR or VDRL screen, FTA-Abs confirm
    - IM Pen G
  3. CNS, neuro sxs–tabes dorsalis, argyle robertson pupils
    - CSF RPR (blood RPR is negative!)
    - IV Pen 7-14d
38
Q

Syphilis pt, allergic to penicillin, do what.

What if pregnant and pen allergic?

A

Doxy.

If preg, desensitize to penicillin. No doxy.

39
Q

Genital ulcers: which 4 ulcers to know

A
  1. syphilis
  2. H ducreyi (chancroid)
  3. herpes
  4. molluscum contagiosum
40
Q

Genital ulcer: single painful ulcer, erythematous base, with inguinal LAD.

Do what?

A

H. Ducreyi

Gram stain and cx. Tx with Gram neg coverage–Doxy or Azithro

41
Q

Pt with herpes lesions, resistent to acyclovir. What else to use?

A

Foscarnet.

Valcyclovir will also be resistent. Ganciclovir is only for CMV

42
Q

malignant otitis externa

  • what are the sxs/findings?
  • Tx
A
  • immunocompromised pt, eg DM
  • granulation tissue in ear, fever
  • pain with chewing–invasion of base of skull (osteo)

-Tx with oral Cipro

43
Q

severe anterior vs post epistaxis. What tx

A

anterior: ablation after bleeding has stopped. Can do packing while bleeding.
post: packing, abx for 72h for TSS ppx. Look for HTN, CHF.

44
Q

Centor criteria, modified

Scoring

A 
"A FACE"
Age <15. Age >44 is -1
Fever
Adenopathy
Cough absence
Exudates

Score:
1: viral
2-3: rapid strep/strep cx
4+: treat

45
Q

Duke criteria
Major (3)
minor (4)

A
  1. Blood Cx+ (bacteremia)
  2. Echo+ (endocardial evidence)
  3. new valve regurg
  4. risk factor (valve dz, IVDA, prosth valves, hx endocarditis)
  5. fever >38
  6. vascular signs: septic emboli, pulmonary, janeway lesions
  7. immune signs: glomerulonephritis, osler nodes, roth spots, RF

Definite: 2 major, 1 major + 3 minor, or 5 minor

Possible: 1 major+1 minor, 3 minor

46
Q

endocarditis tx:

-all native valves

  • prosth valve <60 days
  • 60-365 days
  • > 365 days

-subacute endocarditis

A

Think “vanc + gent” as starting point

-native: vanc

  • <60: Vanc + Gent + Cefepime
  • 60-365: Vanc + Gent
  • 365+: Vanc + Gent + Ceftriaxone

Subacute: wait for cx and sens

47
Q

Endocarditis, when to do surgery (5)

A
  1. vegetation >15mm
  2. > 10mm with embolization (stroke, MI, ALI). Usu MI and stroke are contraindications to surgery, but not now
  3. abscess
  4. valve destruction or CHF
  5. fungus
48
Q

endocarditis ppx, when and what to give.

What if allergic? 2nd and 3rd line drugs?

A

Think: Bad valve + Mouth/throat procedure

Give amoxicillin.
Allergic: Cephalosporin (cephalexin, ceftazidime), clinda

STEP 2CK Review (20 decks)

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