Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

STEP 2CK Review > 2 Cardiology + Vasc surg > Flashcards

2 Cardiology + Vasc surg Flashcards

1
Q

Chest pain in ED, concerning for ACS: What drugs to give

A

MONA BASH
morphine, O2, nitro, aspirin
B-Blocker, ace-i, statin, heparin

Maybe change:
Add: Plavix and/or abciximab/ebtifibitide
Maybe remove: O2, B-blocker

If hypotensive and RCA infarct, give IVF instead of Nitro or morphine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Renovascular HTN

-how to dx

A

Either old man with atherosclerosis of renal arteries, or young woman with fibromuscular dysplasia.

Get Renal Artery Doppler, confirm with arteriogram if necessary. (can also get Ace-i scan instead of renal art doppler)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pt with hx of CHF comes in ED with AFib with RVR, causing CHF exacerbation. Vitals stable. How to tx?

A

CANNOT use CCB or BB for rate control.

Use Digoxin or amiodarone (amio can do both rate and rhythm control)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

mitral valve prolapse

  • murmur, louder with what
  • treatment
A
  • systolic murmur, louder with valsalva

- tx just like HOCM: avoid dehydration (keep preload up) and B-block (increase filling time)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

CHADS2 score
CHA2DS2VASc score
-each letter
-what to do with points

A 
CHF (LV systolic dysfunction) 1
HTN 1
Age >75 1
DM 1
Stroke/TIA 2

CHA2DS2VASc
Vascular dz 1
Age 65-74 1
Sex category–female 1

0: ASA
1: NOAC
2: warfarin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Restrictive cardiomyopathy: think what 3 important causes?

  • what hx clues for each
  • how to confirm dx?
A
  1. hemochromatosis–cirrhosis, bronze diabetes. High ferritin. Get genetic test.
  2. amyloidosis–Neuropathy, multiple myeloma. Do fat pad biopsy, myocardial bx if negative.
  3. Sarcoidosis–pulmonary disease/sxs. Do MRI.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Restrictive cardiomyopathy tx:

what to be careful about in treating overload sxs?

A

Gentle diuresis for overload, since heart is also preload dependent. Difficultly filling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pt with syncope, has structural heart disease and/or CAD. Do what?

A

Automatic admission for 24h telemetry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Primary hyperaldosteronism: get what test, what are you looking for

A

Renin/Aldo level >20

Possible aldosterone adenoma. Get CT and resect.

Suspect primary hyperaldosteronism in pt with HTN and Hypokalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

PVD: What is difference betwen CLI and ALI?

A

Critical limb ischemia: chronic, severe progression of PVD

Acute limb ischemia: usu single thrombus, do immediate revascularization (eg thrombectomy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pt with syncope and focal neuro deficit: Think what, and what test to do?

A

Vertebrobasilar insuff. (decreased flow to posterior circulation)
-Do CTA, look at vertebrobasilar arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

STEMI door-balloon time?

  • if facility is __min away, do tpa
  • what to give before transferring to cath facility? (4 according to onlinemeded)
A

90min. If facility is >60min away, do TPA. (onlinemeded)
- CC book says do TPA if unable to do PCI withint 120 min of arrival
- Heparin, then BBlocker, Ace-I, statin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pericardial disease overview: How to think about 3 main problems and their tx?

A

Etiology not important. Think about how pericardium is responding to dz. Big 3:

  1. Pericarditis–inflammation, so anti-inflammatories
  2. Effusion/Tamponade–Hemodynamic intervention required
  3. Constrictive–Anatomic solution required
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

You suspect Cushing’s syndrome. What test to start?

A

“low Then high”

  1. 24h urinary cortisol, or low dose dexamethasone suppression test. This is to confirm Cushing’s syndrome.
  2. ACTH
  3. High dose DST
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Main side effects:

  1. Statins (2)
  2. Fibrates (2)
  3. Ezetimibe (1)
  4. Niacin (1)
  5. Cholestyramine (1)
A
  1. myositis, hepatotox
  2. (same) myositis, hepatotox
  3. diarrhea
  4. flushing (tx with ASA)
  5. diarrhea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Stress test types (3)

who gets what

A
  1. Treadmill–normal EKG, can exercise
  2. Dobutamine+echo–Abnormal EKG, or can’t exercise
  3. Nuclear–reserved for ppl with BBB, poor echo image, previous bypass
17
Q

Pt with tamponade. Do what as you set up for emergent pericardiocentesis?

A

Start IVF to increase preload.

Preload-dependent state! Absolutely do not do positive pressure ventilation

18
Q

Effects on LDL, HDL, TG?

  1. fibrates
  2. niacin
A
  1. fibrates: decrease TG

2. niacin: incease HDL

19
Q

Orthostatic hypotension definition

A

Within 3 minutes of standing:
SBP up by 20, or
DBP up by 10.

Also, HR up 10

20
Q

Pheo 5 Ps

A 
Paroxysmal
Perspiration
Pressure (HTN)
Pain (HA)
Palpitations (Tachy)
21
Q

Subclavian steal syndrome

A

arm claudication and posterior CN sxs (vertigo, presyncope). Bypass the arm stenosis.

22
Q

Surgery for which AAA’s? (3)

A

AAA >5.5cm, >0.5 cm/year, or tender

23
Q

Coronary stents: drug eluting vs bare metal.

  • When to use one over other?
  • what meds required after each stent
A

-Always drug eluting, unless homeless or unreliable and cannot guarantee clopidogrel

  • Drug eluting: 1 year plavix
  • bare metal: 1 month plavix
24
Q

BNP in diagnosing CHF: what pts is test less reliable

A

Obese. BNP can ‘hide in fat’ so artificially lower BNP value

25
Q

PVD: what vessels get stented vs bypassed?

A

Lesion in femoral a. and <3cm gets stent.

Everything else: bypass

26
Q

Pt with Orthostatic hypotension. IVF does not help. You should think of what rare causes? (4)

A

Failure of reflex sympathetics:

  1. Broken autonomics: eldery/DM
  2. Sepsis (vasodilation)
  3. Anaphylaxis
  4. Addision’s disease
27
Q

Arterial embolization to extremity:

  • 5 P’s
  • treatment time window
  • what to watch out for with treatment
A 
5 P's of embolism
Painful
Pale
Pulseless
Pareshtesia
Poikilothermia

6h to fix until ischemia (same for tourniquets). Embolectomy or TPA or heparin

-watch out for compartment syndrome with return of blood

28
Q

Difference btwn NSTEMI and UA.

-how to tell apart?

A

NSTEMI causes elevated cardiac enzymes (however may take a few hours to elevate).
Cardiac enzymes can take up to 18h to peak. So, to r/o NSTEMI, must have 2 negative Trops 6h apart, or negative after 18h ongoing chest pain.

29
Q

CHF acute exacerbation drugs

A

LMNOP: lasix, morphine, nitrates, O2, position

REDUCE PRELOAD. Nitro and BIPAP most important! BIPAP also helps to reduce preload

30
Q

ACS Chest pain, concern for UA. What to do after r/o STEMI and NSTEMI?

A

Concern for UA: Do Stress test. (treadmill, dobutamine/adenosine+echo, or Nuclear)

31
Q

NSTEMI treatment

A

48h to do cath

32
Q

HTN in JNC 8 (most recent)

4 main categories

A
  1. >
    1. goal <150/90

all others goal <140/90

  1. <60
  2. > 18, CKD
  3. > 18, DM
33
Q

Coronary cath: when to do PCI vs CABG

A

CABG: Left mainstem or 3-vessel
PCI: 1,2 vessel

34
Q

CHF, systolic. NYHA classes and drugs.

Also, when to get AICD?

-What water and salt limit per day?

A
  1. BB, Ace-i
  2. Lasix
  3. Spironolactone, or ISDN-hydralazine.
  4. LV assist, transplant, inotropes (dobutamine, milrinone)

If EF<35% and less than class4, get AICD

H2O: <2L/day
Salt: <2g/day

STEP 2CK Review (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions