4. Impact of the Second Boer War

Question 1

How did the British initially feel going into the Boer War?

Answer 1

Confident

Question 2

Stage 1 of the Boer War

Answer 2

Boer offensive from October 1899 to January 1900

Question 3

Where did the British suffer defeats during the Boer offensive?

Answer 3

In Stormberg, Magersfontein and the Tugela River

Question 4

Where did the British suffer significant casualties during the Boer offensive?

Answer 4

Spion Kop

Question 5

Stage 2 of the Boer War

Answer 5

British Response from January 1900 to June 1900

Question 6

What did the British fight back the Boer offensive with?

Answer 6

Heavy reinforcements and command by Roberts and Kitchener

Question 7

By September 1900, what areas had been annexed by the British?

Answer 7

Orange Free State
Transvaal

Question 8

What did many people believe about the Boer War after Britain’s response to the Boer offensive?

Answer 8

Many people thought the war was over

Question 9

Stage 3 of the Boer War

Answer 9

Guerrilla War and British frustration from November 1900 to May 1902

Question 10

What did the Boers do after abandoning the British style of warfare?

Answer 10

They increased reliance on small and mobile military units

Question 11

What did increased mobility of military units allow the Boers to do?

Answer 11

It allowed them to capture supplies, disrupt communications and undertake raids on army occupated areas

Question 12

What were the Boers very successful in doing from November 1900 to May 1902?

Answer 12

Avoiding capture

Question 13

Stage 4 of Boer War

Answer 13

British response to Guerrilla War

Question 14

What policy did the British embark on after the Guerrilla warfare tactics were introduced?

Answer 14

The scorched earth policy to deny supplies to fighters

Question 15

What did the scorched earth policy result in?

Answer 15

The burning of 30,000 farms

Question 16

What was developed by the British in March 1901 to restrict the movement of the Boers?

Answer 16

8,000 blockhouses along with 37,000 miles of wire fencing and 50,000 guarding troops

Question 17

Where were refugees sent during the Boer War?

Answer 17

To concentration camps

Question 18

How many black Africans died in the British concentration camps?

Answer 18

Over 14,000

Question 19

How many Boers died in the British concentration camps?

Answer 19

Nearly 28,000

Question 20

What did the inmates of the British concentration camps die of?

Answer 20

Starvation, disease and exposure

Question 21

How many British troops died during the Boer War?

Answer 21

22,000

Question 22

How many Boer troops died during the Boer War?

Answer 22

6,000 - WAY LESS THAN BRITISH TROOPS

Question 23

How much did the Boer War cost the British?

Answer 23

£230 million

Question 24

Boer civilians and black Africans perished in British concentration camps. How did this affect Britain?

Answer 24

It shook Britain’s confidence as an imperial power

Question 25

Affect of fighting a ‘white’ enemy on the British?

Answer 25

It destabilised notions of British superiority as fighting a ‘black’ enemy could be justified within a racist imperialist mindset

Question 26

What did the Boer War show about Britain’s imperial control?

Answer 26

It showed vulnerability

Question 27

What did the Boer War expose about the British?

Answer 27

If exposed the cost of enforcing British control

Question 28

What did the Boer War dictate a drive for in Britain?

Answer 28

National efficiency

Question 29

Pros of the British using tactics such as concentration camps to win the Boer Wars

Answer 29

Reduced length of war Deaths in camps not intentional Victory is the most important thing Putting women into camps seen as military necessity as they supplied Boer fighters with food and ammunition

Question 30

Cons of the British using tactics such as concentration camps to win the Boer Wars

Answer 30

Camps should’ve been managed better to reduce deaths Damaged Britain’s ’s reputation

Question 31

Who was Emily Hobhouse?

Answer 31

A British welfare campaigner who worked tirelessly to improve conditions within the concentration camps

Question 32

Who was Millicent Fawcett?

Answer 32

An active British suffragist and political campaigner who was appointed to investigate conditions of camps. Made the Fawcett Commission giving British far-reaching recommendations

Question 33

Treaty in May 1902 after Boer War

Answer 33

Peace of Vereeniging

Question 34

Result of the Peace of Vereeniging

Answer 34

Ended hostilities and involved surrender of all Boer forces and their arms to British

Question 35

What did the Boer Republics agree to do at the Peace of Vereeniging?

Answer 35

Agreed to come under sovereignty of British crown

Question 36

What was promised at the Peace of Vereeniging?

Answer 36

Eventual self-government of Transvaal and Orange Free State

Question 37

What did Britain provide the Boers with in reconstruction aid at the Peace of Vereeniging?

Answer 37

£3 million

Question 38

Adjective to describe the British at the Peace of Vereeniging

Answer 38

Generous - possibility showing guilt for mistreatment of the Boers

Question 39

Radical Liberal view of Kitchener’s concentration camp policy

Answer 39

They condemned (criticised) it

Question 40

International opinion of the Boer War

Answer 40

International opinion sympathised with the Boers resulting in British fear of invasion

Question 41

What did Britain try to do to prevent invasion after the Boer War?

Answer 41

Tried to secure allies

Question 42

What was the British public anti-German by 1902?

Answer 42

Because Germany’s leaders were pro-Boer

Question 43

Who did Britain ally with due to fears of Russian threat in Far East?

Answer 43

Japan

Question 44

What did national efficiency claim?

Answer 44

Claimed that British needed to harness all Empire’s resources (intelligence, capital and labour) to become efficient and allow the Empire to survive

Question 45

South Africa Act 1909

Answer 45

United Transvaal, Orange Free State, Cape Colony and Natal in Union of South Africa

Question 46

What continued after the Boer War?

Answer 46

Imperial enthusiasm