2. Expansion and Consolidation in Africa Flashcards
Consolidation definition
Action/process of making something stronger
Reasons for British consolidation in Africa
-Raw materials
-Africa benefitted economy and provided security
-Provided new market
-Able to be divided and colonised
Why did Britain want to expand Empire to Africa? (3)
-Limit rivals progress
-Wanted to consolidate Empire
-Dominance of Africa seen as ‘natural’ along Social Darwinist lines
How did British Empire expand to Africa? (Three ways with example for each)
Treaties - Nigeria
Intimidation - Uganda
War - Kenya
What was the shortest war in history?
British war with Zanzibar to gain control which lasted 38 minutes.
What was British control met by in Rhodesia?
British control met by lots of residence (80,000 warriors during First war of Ndebele)
Why did the 80,000 warriors of Ndebele fail to win against the BSAC in the first war of Ndebele (Rhodesia)?
Because the BSAC had Maxim guns
Why was the Ndebele under BSAC invasion in Rhodesia?
Because Cecil Rhodes established mining concessions as it was a gold region
What continued after the victory of the BSAC at the first war of Ndebele of 1893-94?
Resistance. Although Ndebele warriors were wiped out, resistance continued when Mlimo (Ndebele spiritual leader) lead an unsuccessful rising against colonial control in 1895-6
What does continued resistance in Rhodesia show?
Desperation of indigenous people to not be under colonial rule
What campaign did Britain launch in 1896?
A campaign to recapture Sudan
What did the British see Sudan as an opportunity to do?
An opportunity to avenge General Gordon’s death
What battle took place in 1898 in Sudan?
Battle of Omdurman where British forced defeated Mahdist Sudan
What did the French do after the Fashoda incident in 1898?
They backed down from Sudan and agreed to stay out of the Nile Valley
What was Anglo-Egyptian Sudan established as in 1899?
A condominium
Condominium
Area under joint control
What did Kitchener set up in Sudan after the British victory at the Battle of Omdurman?
The ‘Gordon College’ to train young Sudanese
What did many Sudanese civilians see the British as?
Another oppressor after the downfall of the Mahdist regime
What continued to happen in Sudan in 1900, 1903, 1904 and 1908? What was it met by?
Mahdist uprisings which were met by brutal retaliations by the British
What was opened in 1906 which showed significant economic development in Sudan?
Port Sudan
What scheme, introduced in 1911 in Sudan, provided high quality cotton for the British textile industry?
The Gezira scheme
What improvements were made to show significant economic development of Sudan?
Improvements to irrigation systems
