4. HTN Flashcards
normal BP
120/8-0
elevated
120-129/80
stage 1 HTN bp
130-139/80-89
stage 2 HTN bp
> 140/90
HTN means we cannot
perfuse the heart as well
HTN causes
LV hypertrophy
coronary insufficiency
HF
baroreceptors: high pressure zone
sensitive > 60mmHg
aortic arch
carotid sinus
baroreceptors: low pressure zones
large veins
wall of atria
what regulates sympathetic changes
high pressure baroreceptors
what regulates blood volume
low pressure baroreceptors
what contributes to acute and long term volume control
RAAS
angiotensin 2
vasocontriction
incr aldosterone
aldosterone
incr Na+
incr H2O
exretes K+
ADH aka
vasopressing
ADH low doses
reabsoprtion of water
ADH high doses
vasoconstriction
endothelin
vasoconstriction
ANP is secreted by
atrial myocytes
ANP effects
incr GFR
incr Na+ excretion
incr H2O excretion
BNP secreted by
ventricular myocytes
BNP effects
vessel dilation
ANP/BNP prevent
myocardial remodeling/hypertophy
secondary HTN causes in kids
renal disease
coarctation of aorta
secondary HTN adolescnets
coarctation of aorta
secondary HTN young adults
thyroid
fibromuscular dysplasia
renal disease
secondary HTN mid age adults
hyperaldosteronism
thyroid
OSA
cushings
pheochromocytoma
secondary HTN elderly
renal artery stenosis
renal failure
hypothyroidism
HTN pathophysiological effects
vasculopathy
heart disease
cerebrovascular damage
nephropathy
HTN: initial treatment
lifestyle modification
1 kg weight loss =
1 mmHg BP reduction
alcohol BP effect
alcohol incr BP
inhibit ADH
incr renin
reduces med efficacy
HTN: primary line treatment (4)
thiazide diuretics
CCB
ACE inhibitors
ARBS
CCB
amlodipine
verapamil
(DIPINE)
(MIL)
ACE inhibitors
lisinopril
(PRIL)
ARBs
Losartan
(SARTAN)
HTN: secondary treatment
(8)
loop diuretics
aldo antagnoist
b blocker
a blocker
a/b blocker
clonidine
vasodilators
renin inhibitor
loop diuretic
furosemide
aldosterone antagonist
spironolactone