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Wset study this > 4. Grape-Growing and Related Labelling Terms > Flashcards

4. Grape-Growing and Related Labelling Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

What 5 things does a vine need?

A 
Warmth
Sunlight
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Nutrients
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2
Q

What are the four stages of grape formation (in order)?

A

Flowering
Fruit set
Veraison
Ripening

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3
Q

How are vines pollinated?

A

Wind

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4
Q

When does grape formation start?

A

Spring

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5
Q

What is Veraison?

A

When the grapes change from dark green to golden or purple during ripening.

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6
Q

When does Veraison happen?

A

Mid-Summer

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7
Q

What changes occur in the grape during ripening (5)?

A

Acidity decreases
Sugar increases
Herbaceous flavours decrease and signature flavours develop
Grapes swell with water
Tannins develop in the skin of black grapes

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8
Q

How can grape sugars be concentrated during grape growing?

A

Extra ripening
Noble rot/botrytis
Frozen grapes

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9
Q

What parts of the grape contain tannins?

A

Skin
Seeds
Stems

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10
Q

What part of the grape contains acidity?

A

Pulp

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11
Q

What parts of the grape contain flavours?

A

Skin

Pulp

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12
Q

What conditions does botrytis need to be beneficial?

A

Grow on ripe grapes

Ideal vineyard conditions - damp misty mornings and warm dry afternoons

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13
Q

What is the temperature of a cool growing season?

A

16.5C or below

62F or below

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14
Q

What is the temperature of a moderate growing season?

A

16.5C to 18.5C

62F-65F

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15
Q

What is the temperature of a warm growing season?

A

18.5C to 21C

65-70F

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16
Q

At what latitude are most vines located?

A

30 to 50 degrees North or South of the equator

17
Q

Botrytis causes tiny holes to pierce the skin of the grapes and…

A

causes the water inside the grape to evaporate, concentrating the acids, sugars and flavours in the grape

18
Q

Ice wine (or Eiswein) is made through which method of sweet wine production

A

Frozen grapes

19
Q

Frozen grapes allow for the production of sweet wine by…

A

the water content of the grapes freezing, allowing it to be easily separated from the concentrated grape juice

20
Q

Ice wine typically produces very ____ yields

A

Low

21
Q

Vineyards that are located further from the equator are likely to be what climate compared to those which are closer

A

Cooler climate

22
Q

A higher altitude wine region is likely to be what type of climate?

A

Cooler climate

23
Q

What influence around the vineyards in the Western Cape of South Africa allow for the production of grapes such as Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc?

A

Cool ocean currents coming up from the south pole

24
Q

Rivers can help ripen grapes in cooler climates and prevent frost because…

A

They are warmer than the surrounding land and often reflect light into the vineyards

25
Q

Geographical indicators inside the EU are typically more or less strictly regulated compared to those outside the EU?

A

More strictly regulated

26
Q

Geographical indicators within the EU are split into which two subgroups?

A

Protected Designation of Origin (PDO)

Protected Geographical Indicator (PGI)

27
Q

Which geographical indicator subgroup within the EU is typically used for smaller areas and have more tightly defined regulations?

A

Protected Designation of Origin (PDO)

28
Q

The french term Vielle Vignes means what and can result in what impact on wine production?

A

Old Vines - usually smaller yields, producing more concentrated and complex wines

29
Q

Which two Protected Designation of Origins are used in France?

A

Appellation d’origine protegee (AOP)

Appellation d’origine controlee (AOC)

30
Q

Which two Protected Geographical Indications are used in France?

A

Indication geographique protegee (IGP)

Vin de pays (VdP)

31
Q

Which two Protected Designation of Origins are used in Italy?

A

Denonominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC)

Denonominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG)

32
Q

Which Protected Geographical Indication is used in Italy?

A

Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT)

33
Q

Which two Protected Designation of Origins is used in Spain?

A

Denominacion de Origen (DO)

Denominacion de Origen Calificada (DOCa)

34
Q

Which two Protected Designation of Origins are used in Germany?

A

Qualitatswein

Pradikatswein

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