4. Grape-Growing and Related Labelling Terms

Question 1

What 5 things does a vine need?

Answer 1

Warmth
Sunlight
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Nutrients

Question 2

What are the four stages of grape formation (in order)?

Answer 2

Flowering
Fruit set
Veraison
Ripening

Question 3

How are vines pollinated?

Answer 3

Wind

Question 4

When does grape formation start?

Answer 4

Spring

Question 5

What is Veraison?

Answer 5

When the grapes change from dark green to golden or purple during ripening.

Question 6

When does Veraison happen?

Answer 6

Mid-Summer

Question 7

What changes occur in the grape during ripening (5)?

Answer 7

Acidity decreases
Sugar increases
Herbaceous flavours decrease and signature flavours develop
Grapes swell with water
Tannins develop in the skin of black grapes

Question 8

How can grape sugars be concentrated during grape growing?

Answer 8

Extra ripening
Noble rot/botrytis
Frozen grapes

Question 9

What parts of the grape contain tannins?

Answer 9

Skin
Seeds
Stems

Question 10

What part of the grape contains acidity?

Answer 10

Pulp

Question 11

What parts of the grape contain flavours?

Answer 11

Skin

Pulp

Question 12

What conditions does botrytis need to be beneficial?

Answer 12

Grow on ripe grapes

Ideal vineyard conditions - damp misty mornings and warm dry afternoons

Question 13

What is the temperature of a cool growing season?

Answer 13

16.5C or below

Question 14

What is the temperature of a moderate growing season?

Answer 14

16.5C to 18.5C

Question 15

What is the temperature of a warm growing season?

Answer 15

18.5C to 21C

Question 16

At what latitude are most vines located?

Answer 16

30 to 50 degrees North or South of the equator

Question 17

Botrytis causes tiny holes to pierce the skin of the grapes and…

Answer 17

causes the water inside the grape to evaporate, concentrating the acids, sugars and flavours in the grape

Question 18

Ice wine (or Eiswein) is made through which method of sweet wine production

Answer 18

Frozen grapes

Question 19

Frozen grapes allow for the production of sweet wine by…

Answer 19

the water content of the grapes freezing, allowing it to be easily separated from the concentrated grape juice

Question 20

Ice wine typically produces very ____ yields

Answer 20

Low

Question 21

Vineyards that are located further from the equator are likely to be what climate compared to those which are closer

Answer 21

Cooler climate

Question 22

A higher altitude wine region is likely to be what type of climate?

Answer 22

Cooler climate

Question 23

What influence around the vineyards in the Western Cape of South Africa allow for the production of grapes such as Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc?

Answer 23

Cool ocean currents coming up from the south pole

Question 24

Rivers can help ripen grapes in cooler climates and prevent frost because…

Answer 24

They are warmer than the surrounding land and often reflect light into the vineyards

Question 25

Geographical indicators inside the EU are typically more or less strictly regulated compared to those outside the EU?

Answer 25

More strictly regulated

Question 26

Geographical indicators within the EU are split into which two subgroups?

Answer 26

Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) | Protected Geographical Indicator (PGI)

Question 27

Which geographical indicator subgroup within the EU is typically used for smaller areas and have more tightly defined regulations?

Answer 27

Protected Designation of Origin (PDO)

Question 28

The french term Vielle Vignes means what and can result in what impact on wine production?

Answer 28

Old Vines - usually smaller yields, producing more concentrated and complex wines

Question 29

Which two Protected Designation of Origins are used in France?

Answer 29

Appellation d'origine protegee (AOP) | Appellation d'origine controlee (AOC)

Question 30

Which two Protected Geographical Indications are used in France?

Answer 30

Indication geographique protegee (IGP) | Vin de pays (VdP)

Question 31

Which two Protected Designation of Origins are used in Italy?

Answer 31

Denonominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC) | Denonominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG)

Question 32

Which Protected Geographical Indication is used in Italy?

Answer 32

Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT)

Question 33

Which two Protected Designation of Origins is used in Spain?

Answer 33

Denominacion de Origen (DO) | Denominacion de Origen Calificada (DOCa)

Question 34

Which two Protected Designation of Origins are used in Germany?

Answer 34

Qualitatswein | Pradikatswein