4. Grape-Growing and Related Labelling Terms Flashcards
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What 5 things does a vine need?
Warmth Sunlight Carbon Dioxide Water Nutrients
What are the four stages of grape formation (in order)?
Flowering
Fruit set
Veraison
Ripening
How are vines pollinated?
Wind
When does grape formation start?
Spring
What is Veraison?
When the grapes change from dark green to golden or purple during ripening.
When does Veraison happen?
Mid-Summer
What changes occur in the grape during ripening (5)?
Acidity decreases
Sugar increases
Herbaceous flavours decrease and signature flavours develop
Grapes swell with water
Tannins develop in the skin of black grapes
How can grape sugars be concentrated during grape growing?
Extra ripening
Noble rot/botrytis
Frozen grapes
What parts of the grape contain tannins?
Skin
Seeds
Stems
What part of the grape contains acidity?
Pulp
What parts of the grape contain flavours?
Skin
Pulp
What conditions does botrytis need to be beneficial?
Grow on ripe grapes
Ideal vineyard conditions - damp misty mornings and warm dry afternoons
What is the temperature of a cool growing season?
16.5C or below
What is the temperature of a moderate growing season?
16.5C to 18.5C
What is the temperature of a warm growing season?
18.5C to 21C
At what latitude are most vines located?
30 to 50 degrees North or South of the equator
Botrytis causes tiny holes to pierce the skin of the grapes and…
causes the water inside the grape to evaporate, concentrating the acids, sugars and flavours in the grape
Ice wine (or Eiswein) is made through which method of sweet wine production
Frozen grapes
Frozen grapes allow for the production of sweet wine by…
the water content of the grapes freezing, allowing it to be easily separated from the concentrated grape juice
Ice wine typically produces very ____ yields
Low
Vineyards that are located further from the equator are likely to be what climate compared to those which are closer
Cooler climate
A higher altitude wine region is likely to be what type of climate?
Cooler climate
What influence around the vineyards in the Western Cape of South Africa allow for the production of grapes such as Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc?
Cool ocean currents coming up from the south pole
Rivers can help ripen grapes in cooler climates and prevent frost because…
They are warmer than the surrounding land and often reflect light into the vineyards
Geographical indicators inside the EU are typically more or less strictly regulated compared to those outside the EU?
More strictly regulated
Geographical indicators within the EU are split into which two subgroups?
Protected Designation of Origin (PDO)
Protected Geographical Indicator (PGI)
Which geographical indicator subgroup within the EU is typically used for smaller areas and have more tightly defined regulations?
Protected Designation of Origin (PDO)
The french term Vielle Vignes means what and can result in what impact on wine production?
Old Vines - usually smaller yields, producing more concentrated and complex wines
Which two Protected Designation of Origins are used in France?
Appellation d’origine protegee (AOP)
Appellation d’origine controlee (AOC)
Which two Protected Geographical Indications are used in France?
Indication geographique protegee (IGP)
Vin de pays (VdP)
Which two Protected Designation of Origins are used in Italy?
Denonominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC)
Denonominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG)
Which Protected Geographical Indication is used in Italy?
Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT)
Which two Protected Designation of Origins is used in Spain?
Denominacion de Origen (DO)
Denominacion de Origen Calificada (DOCa)
Which two Protected Designation of Origins are used in Germany?
Qualitatswein
Pradikatswein
