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WSET Level 2 > 25. Fortified Wines > Flashcards

25. Fortified Wines Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a fortified wine?

A

A wine that has had additional alcohol added to it

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2
Q

What are the two main types of fortified wine?

A

Port

Sherry

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3
Q

When is fortification done and what kind of wine does this produce?

A
  1. During fermentation to stop the fermentation - makes sweet fortified wines
  2. After fermentation - makes dry fortified wines
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4
Q

Where is Sherry made?

A

Jerez de la Frontera, Spain

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5
Q

What grape is the starting base wine for most sherries?

A

Palomino

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6
Q

What wine is made from Palomino grapes?

A

Sherry

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7
Q

What is a solera system?

A

A system of old oak casks containing fortified wines of different ages. Wines are blended as they age producing a consistent, complex wine

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8
Q

What are the three key styles of dry sherry?

A

Fino
Oloroso
Amontillado

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9
Q

What is flor and what does it to do to wines?

A

A layer of yeast that forms in sherry barrels during ageing.
Flor protects the wine from oxygen
Flor produces flavours including bread dough and biscuit

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10
Q

What flavours develop from wines being in contact with flor?

A

Bread dough

Biscuit

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11
Q

How is a Fino sherry made?

A

Dry white wine made from Palomino grapes fortified to 15%

Aged under flor in solera systems (biological ageing)

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12
Q

What % is Fino sherry fortified to?

A

15% ABV

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13
Q

What colour is Fino Sherry?

A

Pale lemon

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14
Q

What flavours are common in a Fino sherry?

A

Apple
Almonds
Biscuit/bread dough (from flor)

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15
Q

Are Fino sherries aged?

A

Consumed young, lose freshness rapidly

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16
Q

How should Fino sherry be served?

A

Chilled

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17
Q

How is Oloroso sherry made?

A

Dry white wine made from Palomino grapes fortified to 17%

Aged without flor (alcohol levels are too high) in solera systems (oxidative ageing)

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18
Q

Why is flor not present in Oloroso sherry?

A

Alcohol % is too high (17%) therefore the flor cannot survive

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19
Q

What colour is Oloroso sherry?

A

Brown

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20
Q

What flavours are common in Oloroso sherry?

A

Dried fruits - raisins, prunes
Walnuts
Caramel

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21
Q

How is Amontillado sherry made?

A

A mix of Fino and Oloroso methods.

Aged under flor for a period then refortified to 17% to kill the flor and enable the wine to age oxidatively.

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22
Q

What flavours does an Amontillado sherry have?

A

Mix of flor (biscuit/bread dough) and oxidative (walnuts/caramel) flavours

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23
Q

What colours is an Amontillado sherry?

A

Amber

24
Q

What type is wine is made by:
Dry white wine made from Palomino grapes fortified to 17%
Aged without flor (alcohol levels are too high) in solera systems (oxidative ageing)?

A

Oloroso Sherry

25
Q

What type of wine is made by:
Dry white wine made from Palomino grapes fortified to 15%
Aged under flor in solera systems (biological ageing)?

A

Fino Sherry

26
Q

What are the two ways of making sweet sherries?

A

Sweetened with grape must (or a sweet sherry for Cream sherries)
Or made from dried Pedro Ximenez (PX) grapes

27
Q

What is the term for a sweetened Fino sherry?

A

Pale Cream Sherry

28
Q

What is a Pale Cream Sherry?

A

A sweetened Fino sherry

29
Q

What is the term for a sweetened Amontillado sherry?

A

Medium sherry

30
Q

What is a Medium Sherry?

A

A sweetened Amontillado Sherry

31
Q

What is the term for a sweetened Oloroso sherry?

A

Cream Sherry

32
Q

What is a Cream Sherry?

A

A sweetened Oloroso Sherry (made by adding grape must or PX sherry)

33
Q

What is PX sherry?

A

Sherry made from Pedro Ximenez grapes that have been sun dried

34
Q

How is a PX sherry made?

A

PX wine fortified and aged oxidatively in the solera

35
Q

What colour is a PX sherry?

A

Dark, almost black

36
Q

What flavours are common in a PX sherry?

A

Dried fruit - raisin, fig, prune

37
Q

What wine is commonly made in Jerez?

A

Sherry

38
Q

What wine is commonly made in the Douro?

A

Port

39
Q

Where is Port made?

A

Douro, Portugal

40
Q

How are Ports made?

A

Harvest grapes and rapidly extract colour and tannin by foot treading/machines
Fermentation interrupted by adding grape spirit which kills the yeast
Wine matured

41
Q

What level of sugar is common in Port?

A

High - sweet wines

42
Q

What level of alcohol is common in Port?

A

High alcohol

43
Q

What are two different types of Port?

A

Ruby

Tawny

44
Q

What is the key difference between Ruby and Tawny port?

A

How the wine is aged
Ruby - aged in large oak casks, cooked black fruit flavours
Tawny - aged in small barrels - oxidative ageing, oxidative flavours (walnut, coffee, caramel)

45
Q

What flavours are common in Ruby ports?

A

Cooked black fruits - black cherry, blackberry

Black pepper

46
Q

What are the three types of Ruby Port?

A

Ruby Port
Reserve Ruby Port
Late Bottled Vintage Port

47
Q

What is the difference between a Ruby Port and a Reserve Ruby Port?

A

Ruby is sweet and simple

Reserve has greater flavour intensity and softer tannins

48
Q

What is typically on a Tawny Port label?

A

Age indication, e.g. 10 years, 20 years

49
Q

What colour is a Tawny Port?

A

Tawny

50
Q

How is Tawny Port aged?

A

In small barrels to allow for oxidative ageing

51
Q

What are the common flavours in a Tawny port?

A

Walnut
Coffee
Caramel

52
Q

What is a Vintage Port?

A

Port made from one harvest year, only when Port produces declare a Vintage

53
Q

What colour is a Vintage Port?

A

Garnet

54
Q

What flavours develop in a Vintage Port?

A

Dried Fruit
Leather
Coffee

55
Q

What are the characteristics in a Vintage Port?

A

High tannins
Concentrated flavours
Garnet colour
Tertiary aromas - dried fruit, leather, coffee

56
Q

How should a Vintage Port be served?

A

Chilled

Decanted - thick sediment will form

57
Q 
What wine has the following characteristics:
Pronounced intensity
Flavours of raisin, walnut, coffee, nuts
Sweet
Tawny colour?
A

Tawny Port

WSET Level 2 (24 decks)

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