4 Foot and ankle Flashcards
What is the ankle formed by?
Articulation of distal tibia and fibula with talus.
How do the malleoli contribute to ankle stability?
Talus is wider anteriorly. During flexion, the anterior of the talus moves between the malleoli, increasing their grip on it.
What are the lateral ligaments of the ankle? (3).
Anterior and posterior talofibular ligaments.
Calcaneofibular ligament.
What does the medial/deltoid ligament of the ankle attach to?
Medial malleolus.
Talus, navicular, calcaneus.
Where does inversion and eversion of the foot occur?
Sub-talar joint (between talus and calcaneus).
What is the most common form of ankle sprain?
Inversion injury - twisting of plantar flexed foot.
What does an eversion injury of the ankle result in?
Pulls medial ligament, avulsing medial malleolus.
Talus rotates laterally and fractures the fibula.
What do the arches of the foot do? (3).
Distribute weight (shock absorption).
Increase flexibility.
Springboards for propulsion.
What are the three arches of the foot?
Medial longitudinal.
Lateral longitudinal.
Transverse.
How is stability of the arches maintained?
Passive: ligaments + shape of bones.
Active: intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of foot.
What is pes planus?
Flat foot - due to loose or degenerating ligaments.
Flexible or rigid (fusion of tarsal bones).
What does pes planus cause?
How is pes plans treated?
Talus displaced infero-medially. Knee and back pain.
Orthotics supporting the arches of the foot.
Where does abduction and adduction occur in the toes?
Metatarsophalangeal joints.
What is Lisfranc injury?
Abnormal alignment of the metatarsals.
