3 Elbow Flashcards
What is the elbow joint composed of?
Humerus.
Ulna.
Radius.
What is the capsule of the elbow joint reinforced by?
Ulnar and radial collateral ligaments.
What is the most common type of elbow dislocation?
What causes it?
Posterior.
Hyperextension. Fall onto hands with flexed elbow.
What is the clinical presentation of posterior elbow dislocation?
Pain, widened elbow, prominent olecranon process.
What injuries are associated with posterior elbow dislocation?
Ulnar collateral ligament torn.
Fractures of radius, coronoid and olecranon processes.
Ulnar nerve injury.
What does ulnar nerve injury cause?
Weakness of flexion and adduction of wrist.
Numbness of medial palm and 1.5 fingers.
How are elbow dislocations classified?
Simple: ligamentous injury.
Complex: associated with fracture, surgery needed.
What allows hyperextension of the elbow?
Variant.
Olecranon fossa.
Which muscle flex the forearm at the elbow joint? (3).
Brachial.
Biceps brachii.
Brachiordialis (accessory in mid pronation).
Which muscle extends the forearm at the elbow joint?
Triceps brachii.
What causes bursitis of the elbow?
Excessive repeated friction over olecranon causes inflammation of bursa.
What is the role of the annular ligament?
Maintains stability of radius.
Allows rotation of radius during pronation and supination.
What is nursemaids elbow / pulled elbow syndrome?
Subluxation of radius out of weak annular ligament.
Commonly before aged 4.
Which muscles and nerve are involved in pronation of the forearm?
Median nerve.
Pronator teres and pronator quadratus.
Which muscles and nerves are involved in supination of the forearm?
Radial and musculocutaneous nerves.
Supinator and biceps brachii.
