(4) Food and digestion Flashcards
What is a diet?
The food we eat.
What are the food substances that we need?
1) Carbs
2) Lipids
3) Proteins
4) Minerals
5) Vitamins
6) Dietary fiber
What elements make up glucose?
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
What elements make up lipids?
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (but there is much less oxygen)
What elements make up protiens?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
What is a deficiency disease?
A disease caused by lack of vitamins and minerals.
What is digestion?
It is the process of breaking down larger food molecules into smaller ones so we can absorb their contents.
What is peristalsis?
It is the movement of the gut that pushes food along it.
How does the mouth, stomach and duodenum break down food?
By using enzymes that made in the wall of the gut or by the pancreas.
What enzymes does the stomach make?
Pepsin
What enzymes does the pancreas make?
- Lipase
- Protease
- Amylase
Where does digestion in the duodenum continue to?
To the ileum, after which the digested food is absorbed.
What does the large intestine do?
It absorbs the water out of the remains and stores faeces.
What does amylase do?
It breaks down starch to maltose.
What does maltase do?
It breaks down maltose to glucose.
Where is maltase produced?
The wall of the small intestine.
What does pepsin do?
It breaks down proteins into peptides.
What does trypsin do?
It breaks down proteins into peptides.
What does peptidases do?
It breaks down peptides into amino acids.
What does lipase do?
It breaks down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids.
Where is bile produced and stored in?
It is produced in the liver and is stored in the gall bladder.
What does bile do?
It emulsifies fats into tiny droplets of fat.
What are villi?
Tiny projections from the lining of the ileum that increase the surface area of the ileum dramatically.
What are microvilli?
They are tiny projections from the villi that further increase the surface area.
What is lacteal?
It is a tube in the middle of the villus that contains the products of fat digestion.
How do villi absorb substances?
Active transport.
What do the blood vessels from the ileum form?
The hepatic portal vein, which leads to the liver.
What do waste materials in the large intestine contain?
Cellulose, water, dead and living bacteria and cells lost in the lining of the gut.
What does the colon do?
It absorbs most of the remaining water from the contents.
I added this so it wouldn’t be 29 cards
yes
