(1) Life processes Flashcards
What are the life processes?
- Movement
- Reproduction
- Sensitivity
- Growth
- Respiration
- Excretion
- Nutrition
- Control
What are the structures found in an animal cell?
- Nucleus
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes
What are the structures found in an plant cell?
- Nucleus
- Cell wall
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Chloroplasts
- Vacuole
What is a catalyst?
A chemical which speeds up a reaction without being used up itself.
Why are catalysts needed?
The temperature inside a human body is too low for reactions that allow for life to go on without a catalyst.
What are the factors affecting the rate of enzyme activity?
- Temperature
- pH
How does temperature affect enzyme activity?
If the temperature is above the optimum temperature of the enzyme it denatures thus rendering it useless.
How does pH affect enzyme activity?
If the pH is above or below the optimum pH the shape of the active site changes and thus affects its rate.
What is respiration?
It is the process of cells breaking down food molecules to release the stored chemical they contain.
What are the two types of respiration?
Aerobic and anaerobic.
What is ATP?
It is a substance that transfers energy from the food broken down to the processes that need it.
What is anaerobic respiration?
It’s when cells respire without oxygen. Less glucose is released during this process.
What is diffusion?
It is when a substance moves from a substance of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
What are the factors affecting the rate of diffusion?
- The concentration
- The SA:V ratio
- The distance
- The temperature.
What is active transport?
It is a process where a cell uses energy to take in a substance outside when there is very little of it.
What is osmosis?
It is the movement of water molecules from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration. It can only happen through partially permeable membranes.
What is differentiation?
It is when the cells in an embryo become specialized to carry out a particular role.
What are tissues?
They are cells (with similar functions) that are grouped together.
What are organs?
They are a collection of several tissues carrying out a particular function.
What are the seven organ systems
1) Digestive system
2) Gas exchange system
3) Circulatory system
4) Excretory system
5) Nervous system
6) Endocrine system
7) Reproductive system
What is a stem cell?
A cell that has the ability to divide many times by mitosis while remaining undifferenciated.
What are the two types of stem cells?
- Embryonic stem cells
- Adult stem cells
