4. External Bacterial Structures

Question 1

Motile bacteria have a ____ extending from the cell.

Answer 1

flagella

Question 2

Fagella may be ____ (on the ends of the cell) or ______ (all around the cell)

Answer 2

polar, peritrichous

Question 3

_____ flagella are composed of microtubules arranged in a 9+2 pattern. The two inner microtubules slide up and down causing the flagella to whip from side to side,, helping the flagella move

Answer 3

Eukaryotic

Question 4

_____ flagella are a helix composed of repeating units called flagellin, that are anchored to the cell through several protein rings.

Answer 4

Bacterial

Question 5

The cell membrane in bacterial flagella contains two rings called the ___ and ___ rings.

Answer 5

S, M

Question 6

The S ring is the ____ and the M ring is the _____. The motor spins the flagellum.

Answer 6

Switch, motor

Question 7

In gram negative bacteria, there are also rings in the peptidoglycan layer (the ____ ring) and the outer membrane (the ____ ring)

Answer 7

P, L

Question 8

Flagellin proteins are synthesized in the _____

Answer 8

cytoplasm

Question 9

Spirochetes contain a special flagella called _______. These flagella wrap around the body of the bacterial cell rather than extending out from it. When they spin, they twist the bacteria giving it the spiral shape.

Answer 9

axial filaments

Question 10

____ are hair-like structures involved in attachment

Answer 10

Fimbriae

Question 11

Fimbriae are anchored in the outer membrane in gram ____ bacteria or the cell wall in gram ______ bacteria (not the cell membrane like flagella)

Answer 11

negative, positive

Question 12

long chain of a protein called pilin or fim. These are called the major fimbrial subunits. The major fimbrial subunits may be arranged in a ____

Answer 12

helix

Question 13

There are also minor fimbrial subunits. They are called minor because they are very few of them. There are usually two minor fimbrial subunits anchoring the fimbria to the outer membrane and there is one minor fimbrial subunit at the tip called the ______

Answer 13

tip binding protein

Question 14

The tip binding protein is the part of the fimbriae which usually _____ to things (such as the host cell). Think of the fimbriae as being like your arm and your hand. The long shaft of the fimbriae (made up of major fimbrial subunits) is your arm. Its purpose is to hold your hand out away from your body so your hand (the tip binding protein) can grab on to something.

Answer 14

attaches

Question 15

Fimbriae grow from the ____ not the tip like flagella

Answer 15

base

Question 16

_____ are used to transfer DNA (plasmids) from one bacterium to another by a process called conjugation

Answer 16

Sex pili

Question 17

F- bacteria _____ have a sex pilus

Answer 17

do not

Question 18

The F plasmic is called the ______

Answer 18

fertility plasmid

Question 19

The Glycocalyx is the capsule or ______ layer

Answer 19

slime

Question 20

The Glycocalyx is made up of mostly ____; may contain glycoproteins. May be involved in attachment.

Answer 20

polysaccharides

Question 21

The Glycocalyx main function is to be _______

Answer 21

anti-phagocytic