1. Introduction

Question 1

____ is the study of bacteria

Answer 1

Bacteriology

Question 2

____ is the study of fungi (molds, yeast)

Answer 2

Mycology

Question 3

____ is the study of parasites

Answer 3

Parasitology

Question 4

____ is the study of viruses

Answer 4

Virology

Question 5

Yeast and ____ are used in yogurt production

Answer 5

lactobacillus

Question 6

Production of ____ from cornstarch is used as the major sweetener in carbonated beverages

Answer 6

fructose

Question 7

N2 -> 2NH3

Answer 7

Nitrogen Fixation

Question 8

____ is good for agriculture

Answer 8

Nitrogen Fixation

Question 9

____ - Clean-up of various toxic chemicals including oil spills

Answer 9

Bioremidation

Question 10

____ - Decomposition of waste products (landfills)

Answer 10

Biodegradation

Question 11

____ is the study of how microorganisms cause disease

Answer 11

Pathogenesis

Question 12

____ is the study of the immune system, often included with microbiology due to the interaction of microbes with the immune system

Answer 12

Immunoogy

Question 13

____ is how the body responds to disease

Answer 13

Immunology

Question 14

____ wrote that “letters. however small and indistinct, are seen enlarged and more clearly through a globe of glass filled with water”

Answer 14

Seneca

Question 15

____ invented the modern microscope (Compound microscope - two lenses)

Answer 15

Zacharias Janssen

Question 16

____ was the first person to describe cells with a microscope. He was also the first person to call the small cavities separated by walls which he observed in pieces of cork “cells”

Answer 16

Robert Hooke

Question 17

____ was the first person to observe microorganisms with a microscope. He observed “animalcules” in pond water. Also considered the “Father of Microbiology”

Answer 17

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 18

____ ____ was a belief that life developed spontaneougly

Answer 18

Spontaneous Generation

Question 19

Maggots would spontaneously arise from rotten meat. Microorganisms would spontaneously develop in spoiling food. Fresh food had few microbes, but if you let it sit and spoil, you will see many microbes.

Answer 19

Explanation for Spontaneous Generation

Question 20

____ made the recipe for mice

Answer 20

J.B. van Helmont

Question 21

Recipe for mice

Answer 21

Dirty Undergarment + Wheat + 21 Days = Mice

Question 22

____ showed that spontaneous generation of animals does not occur.

1) Placed meat in glass covered containers and saw no maggots develop
2) Placed meat under gauze coverings, saw maggots on the gauze but not on. the meat
3) Concluded that maggots arose from flies laying their eggs on the meat, not from the meat itself

Answer 22

Francesco Redi

Question 23

____ “proved” spontaneous generation of microbes

1) Heated broth briefly to kill microorganisms
2) Poured broth into flask and put a stopper on so air could not get in
3) The solution became cloudy. Microorganisms were growing in the solution

Answer 23

John Needham

Question 24

____ tried to refute John Needham, spontaneous generation. does not occur in microorganisms

1) Vigorously boiled broth after sealing flasks and saw no growth of microbes
2) People didn’t believe him. They said boiling destroyed the ability of the liquids to support life and sealing the flasks stopped oxygen from getting in which was needed for life

Answer 24

Lazzaro Spallanzani

Question 25

____ finally disproved spontaneous generation to every’s satisfaction

1) Poured liquid into flask. Created swan neck. Boiled liquid. No growth.
2) Tipped flask to allow liquid to touch inside of swan neck. Growth
3) These flasks allowed in oxygen and growth after tilting showed that boiling didn’t destroy the ability to support life

Answer 25

Louis Pasture

Question 26

____ proved that microorganisms cause disease while working with anthrax (Disease of cattle)

Answer 26

Robert Koch

Question 27

Describe Koch’s Postulates

Answer 27

1) The infectious agent must be present in every case of the disease
2) The infectious agent must be isolated from the diseased animal and grown in pure culture
3) The pure culture must develop the same disease when injected into an animal
4) The same infectious agent must be isolated from the second animal

Question 28

____: People were exposed to ground material from the lesions of people suffering from smallpox; fairly effective but often patients developed smallpox and died

Answer 28

Variolation

Question 29

____ invented the vaccine for smallpox by using the ____ virus

Answer 29

Edward Jenner; Cowpox

Question 30

____ discovered penicillin by accident

He found that bacteria did not grow near a particular fungal contamination that he saw on his plates. This fungus is Penicillium

Answer 30

Alexander Flemming

Question 31

We are now seeing increasing numbers of diseases which we thought were under control. This includes ____ and ____

Answer 31

GAS Infections; tuberculosis

Question 32

Because of the increasing ____, many of these new or re-emerging infections are more difficult to treat

Answer 32

antibiotic resistance