4- Evaluation of a biochemical panel- part 2 Flashcards
What indicator shows cardiac damage vs cardiac dysfunction?
Damage = troponin I - released when myocytes are damaged
Dysfunction = NT-proBNP - released when muscles cells are stretched - cardiac enlargement
What indicator shows damaged liver & Liver dysfunction?
Damage = ALKP, ALT, AST, CK
Dysfunction = Bile acid, ammonia, albumin, glucose, bilirubin
What indicator shows damaged vs dysfunction of the pancreas?
Damage= Lipase, PLI
Dysfunction= TLI (pancreatic function)
What indicator shows damaged vs dysfunction thyroid?
Damaged= TgAA
Dysfunction= T4, TSH
What indicator shows damaged vs dysfunction renal system?
damaged= casts
Dysfunction= creatinine, USG, proteinuria
T/F ALT is completely liver-specific in dogs & cats (not large animals)
True
Why is it more worrying If cats liver enzymes (ALT/ALKP) are out of reference?
Cats’ enzymes half-life is a lot shorter than dogs a lot more worrying if you have high - continued liver injury
What induces Alkaline phosphatase (ALKP)?
Impaired biliary flow & medications
T/F ALKP is liver specific
False - bone, intestinal
very susceptible to non-hepatic disease
T/F serum GGT is more biliary specific than ALKP
True
Elevated urea & normal creatinine suggest what?
pre-renal effects:
- Reduced renal perfusion (dehydration)
What do unusually high blood urea and normal creatinine suggest
GI bleeding
What is important to look at to determine if high glucose levels significant
Fructosamine will help determine the significance of higher glucose levels
T/F Horses excrete excess calcium through the kidney
True
If AST is high what does this mean
AST- can be released from both hepatocytes and monocytes- so need to compare with another muscle or liver enzyme to see if it is definitely a liver/ muscle problem
What can or should I do about elevated liver enzymes?
rule out therapies- as steroids can cause increase
rule out systemic, pancreatic, GI disease
Multiple enzyme abnormalities, very high results +/- bilirubin – can’t ignore- this is when you would think liver straight away
what is the alternative to urea which excreted in uricotelic species
uric acid
Describe the importance of elevated bilirubin in horses and cattle
Elevated in anorexic horses and cattle with normal hepatic function- not always pathological often physiologic in these species
what do you need to look at to evaluate calcium in egg laying species
Egg laying species will generate high tCa (increase in protein bound fraction – ovalbumin) but normal iCa- so if we want to know about the physiological calcium status in an egg laying species have to look at the iCa level
What electrolyte imbalance is common in large animal diarrhoea
low Na, Cl
elevated K
