4 - Diabetes Mellitus (fast deck) Flashcards
High blood sugar symptoms
Increased thirst, increase urination, ketones in urine, aching/weak, heavy breathing, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue.
Low blood sugar symptoms
Cold sweats, headache, trembling, pounding heart, sleepiness, personality changes, and excessive hunger.
Glucagon causes blood sugar to rise, in contrast with…
insulin, that causes blood sugar to drop.
Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
An absolute deficiency of insulin secretion.
What percent of diabetes cases is made up by insulin dependent diabetes mellitus?
5% to 10%
Is insulin dependent diabetes mellitus related to diet?
No
What percent of diabetes cases is made up by type 2 diabetes?
90% to 95%
Type 2 diabetes begins with ___ that is often detected prior to the onset of DM.
insulin resistance
Modifiable risk factors of diabetes
Weight, activity level, cholesterol level, and high blood pressure.
Non-modifiable risk factors of diabetes
45+ years, close relatives with diabetes, other medical conditions, high-risk ethnic backgrounds, and gestational diabetes.
What tissues and organs fail to respond to insulin when a person has insulin resistance?
Muscles, liver and adipose tissue.
Pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancrease
Second diabetes can be caused by what type of surgery?
Removal of the pancreas.
What type of tumors can cause secondary diabetes?
Pancreatic cancer.
Hemochromatosis
Iron build-up
Nephropathy
Kidney damage
Neuropathy
Nerve damage
Retinopathy
Retinal damage
Atherosclerosis
Inflammation or injury of endothelial tissue
Where do almost half of all people with diabetes live?
China, India and the USA.
Prevalence of diabetes in BC.
5.2%
Incident cases of diabetes in BC per year.
20,000 cases
Direct costs of diabetes to individuals and their families
Medical care, drugs, insulin, and supplies.
Direct costs of diabetes to the healthcare sector…
hospitalization costs, CVD-related hospital costs, and GP costs.
What does “mortality costs” refer to?
Premature death.
What does “long-term disability costs” refer to?
Absence from work, disability, premature retirement, and loss of earnings.
The direct cost of diabetes now accounts for __% of public healthcare spending in Canada.
3.5%
