2 - Metabolic Syndrome (fast deck)

Question 1

IDF worldwide definition of metabolic syndrome

Answer 1

A cluster of the most dangerous heart attack risk factors: diabetes and prediabetes, abdominal obesity, high cholesterol and high blood pressure.

Question 2

Classical risk factors for global cardiometabolic risk

Answer 2

High blood glucose, smoking, high LDL, and hypertension.

Question 3

Emerging classical risk factors for global cardiometabolic risk

Answer 3

Insulin resistance, low HDL, high triglycerides, and inflammatory markers.

Question 4

Where is insulin produced and what does it do?

Answer 4

Produced in the pancreas. Allows cells to take in glucose to use for energy.

Question 5

What is insulin resistance?

Answer 5

Cells no longer respond to insulin, therefore glucose can’t enter the cells.

Question 6

What are the two most significant risk factors for metabolic syndrome?

Answer 6

Insulin resistance and central obesity.

Question 7

How does age relate to metabolic syndrome risk?

Answer 7

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome increases with age.

Question 8

How many people in their 20s does metabolic syndrome affect?

Answer 8

Less than 10%

Question 9

How many people in their 60s does metabolic syndrome affect?

Answer 9

40%

Question 10

What races/ethnic groups are at higher risk of metabolic syndrome?

Answer 10

African-americans and mexican-americans.

Question 11

What BMI increases the risk of metabolic syndrome?

Answer 11

BMI 25+

Question 12

What type of fat increases the risk of metabolic syndrome?

Answer 12

Abdominal fat.

Question 13

What types of histories increase a person’s risk of metabolic syndrome?

Answer 13

Family history, history of type 2 diabetes, history of diabetes during pregnancy

Question 14

What other diseases increase the risk of metabolic syndrome?

Answer 14

Hypertension, CVD, and polycystic ovary syndrome.

Question 15

Risk ratio of 1

Answer 15

Suggests no difference or little difference in risk

Question 16

Risk ratio of less than 1

Answer 16

Reduced risk in the exposed group

Question 17

Risk ratio of more than 1

Answer 17

Increased risk of outcome in the exposed group

Question 18

Odds ratio of 1

Answer 18

Exposure does not affect the odds of outcome.

Question 19

Odds ratio of less than 1

Answer 19

Exposure lowers the odds of outcome.

Question 20

Odds ratio of more than 1

Answer 20

Exposure raises the odds of outcome.

Question 21

The incidence of metabolic syndrome increases with…

Answer 21

Age and obesity.

Question 22

Three concepts of underlying causes responsible for the epidemic of metabolic syndrome…

Answer 22

Environmental causes, insulin resistance, and inflammation.

Question 23

Primary prevention lifestyle changes for metabolic syndrome…

Answer 23

Weight reduction, change in dietary choices, and increase in physical activity.

Question 24

Secondary prevention screening for metabolic syndrome (types)

Answer 24

Blood sugar, A1C, lipids, and blood pressure.

Question 25

Goal of tertiary prevention of metabolic syndrome.

Answer 25

Minimize risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease by treating the following components: obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, lipid disorders and hypertension.