2 - Metabolic Syndrome (fast deck) Flashcards
IDF worldwide definition of metabolic syndrome
A cluster of the most dangerous heart attack risk factors: diabetes and prediabetes, abdominal obesity, high cholesterol and high blood pressure.
Classical risk factors for global cardiometabolic risk
High blood glucose, smoking, high LDL, and hypertension.
Emerging classical risk factors for global cardiometabolic risk
Insulin resistance, low HDL, high triglycerides, and inflammatory markers.
Where is insulin produced and what does it do?
Produced in the pancreas. Allows cells to take in glucose to use for energy.
What is insulin resistance?
Cells no longer respond to insulin, therefore glucose can’t enter the cells.
What are the two most significant risk factors for metabolic syndrome?
Insulin resistance and central obesity.
How does age relate to metabolic syndrome risk?
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome increases with age.
How many people in their 20s does metabolic syndrome affect?
Less than 10%
How many people in their 60s does metabolic syndrome affect?
40%
What races/ethnic groups are at higher risk of metabolic syndrome?
African-americans and mexican-americans.
What BMI increases the risk of metabolic syndrome?
BMI 25+
What type of fat increases the risk of metabolic syndrome?
Abdominal fat.
What types of histories increase a person’s risk of metabolic syndrome?
Family history, history of type 2 diabetes, history of diabetes during pregnancy
What other diseases increase the risk of metabolic syndrome?
Hypertension, CVD, and polycystic ovary syndrome.
Risk ratio of 1
Suggests no difference or little difference in risk
Risk ratio of less than 1
Reduced risk in the exposed group
Risk ratio of more than 1
Increased risk of outcome in the exposed group
Odds ratio of 1
Exposure does not affect the odds of outcome.
Odds ratio of less than 1
Exposure lowers the odds of outcome.
Odds ratio of more than 1
Exposure raises the odds of outcome.
The incidence of metabolic syndrome increases with…
Age and obesity.
Three concepts of underlying causes responsible for the epidemic of metabolic syndrome…
Environmental causes, insulin resistance, and inflammation.
Primary prevention lifestyle changes for metabolic syndrome…
Weight reduction, change in dietary choices, and increase in physical activity.
Secondary prevention screening for metabolic syndrome (types)
Blood sugar, A1C, lipids, and blood pressure.
Goal of tertiary prevention of metabolic syndrome.
Minimize risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease by treating the following components: obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, lipid disorders and hypertension.
