4. CNS/Mental Health Flashcards
1
Q
Alprazolam
Pharmacologic Category
A
- Xanax™
- Xanax XR™
- Niravam™
- Gabazolamine-0.5™
- Antianxiety
- Benzodiazepine
2
Q
Alprazolam
FDA Approved Indications/Uses
A
- Xanax™
- Xanax XR™
- Niravam™
- Gabazolamine-0.5™
- Anxiety
- Panic disorder
3
Q
Alprazolam
Adverse Effects
A
- Xanax™
- Xanax XR™
- Niravam™
- Gabazolamine-0.5™
- Decreased appetite
- Increased appetite
- Weight gain
- Constipation
- Reduced salivation
- Xerostomia
- Cognitive disorder
- Confusion
- Dysarthria
- Incoordination
- Lightheadedness
- Memory impairment
- Sedation
- Somnolence
- Irritability
- Reduced libido
- Fatigue
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
- Liver failure
- Drug withdrawal seizure
4
Q
Alprazolam
Dosage Forms
A
- Xanax™
- Xanax XR™
- Niravam™
- Gabazolamine-0.5™
- Tablet
- Tablet, disintegrating
- Tablet, ER
5
Q
Alprazolam
Patient Education
A
- Xanax™
- Xanax XR™
- Niravam™
- Gabazolamine-0.5™
- Patient should avoid activities requiring mental alertness or coordination until drug effects are realized.
- This drug may cause increased appetite, changes in weight, constipation, dizziness, dysarthria, memory impairment, somnolence, depression, or reduced libido.
- Advise patient and family to monitor for confusion with use, especially with elderly patients.
- Advise patient against abrupt discontinuation of drug to prevent withdrawal symptoms.
- Patient should avoid alcohol while taking drug.
- Patient should not eat grapefruit or drink grapefruit juice while taking drug.
6
Q
Amitriptyline
Pharmacologic Category
A
- Elavil™
- Vanatrip™
- Tricyclic antidepressant
7
Q
Amitriptyline
FDA Approved Indications/Uses
A
- Elavil™
- Vanatrip™
- Depression
8
Q
Amitriptyline
Adverse Effects
A
- Elavil™
- Vanatrip™
- Weight gain
- Constipation
- Xerostomia
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Somnolence
- Blurred vision
9
Q
Amitriptyline
Dosage Forms
A
- Elavil™
- Vanatrip™
- Tablet
10
Q
Amitriptyline
Patient Education
A
- Elavil™
- Vanatrip™
- Instruct patient to report use of a MAO inhibitor within 14 days prior to initiating drug therapy.
- Patient should avoid activities requiring mental alertness or coordination until drug effects are realized.
- This drug may cause anticholinergic symptoms, weight gain, bloating, fatigue, orthostatic hypotension, or syncope.
- Instruct patient to report worsening depression, suicidal ideation, or unusual changes in behavior, especially at initiation of therapy or with dose changes. Children and adolescents are at higher risk for these effects during the first few months of therapy.
- Advise patient that symptomatic improvement may not be seen for a few weeks.
- Warn patient against sudden discontinuation of drug.
- Patient should not drink alcohol while taking this drug.
11
Q
Bupropion
Pharmacologic Category
A
- Wellbutrin
- Zyban
- Wellbutrin SR
- Wellbutrin XL
- Budeprion SR
- Buproban
- Budeprion XL
- Forfivo XL
- Aminoketone
- Antidepressant
12
Q
Bupropion
FDA Approved Indications/Uses
A
- Wellbutrin
- Zyban
- Wellbutrin SR
- Wellbutrin XL
- Budeprion SR
- Buproban
- Budeprion XL
- Forfivo XL
- Depression
- Associated with seasonal affective disorder
- Prophylaxis
- Major depressive disorder
- Smoking cessation assistance
13
Q
Bupropion
Adverse Effects
A
- Wellbutrin
- Zyban
- Wellbutrin SR
- Wellbutrin XL
- Budeprion SR
- Buproban
- Budeprion XL
- Forfivo XL
- Tachyarrhythmia
- Constipation
- Nausea
- Rash, pruritis
- Myalgia
- Confusion, dizziness, headache,
- Insomnia
- Tremor
- Xerostomia (Dry mouth)
14
Q
Bupropion
Dosage Forms
A
- Wellbutrin
- Zyban
- Wellbutrin SR
- Wellbutrin XL
- Budeprion SR
- Buproban
- Budeprion XL
- Forfivo XL
- Tablet
- Tablet, XR
- Tablet, IR
- Tablet, SR
15
Q
Bupropion
Patient Education
A
- Wellbutrin
- Zyban
- Wellbutrin SR
- Wellbutrin XL
- Budeprion SR
- Buproban
- Budeprion XL
- Forfivo XL
- Do not drink alcohol while you are using this medicine.
- Take extended-release tablets in the morning to avoid insomnia
- Do not crush or chew tablets
- Do not take OTC meds before consulting to your doctor
- May increase suicidal thoughts or actions
- Continued treatment up to 2 weeks is needed to see results
- Weight loss or gain may happen
16
Q
Citalopram
Pharmacologic Category
A
Celexa™
- SSRI
- Antidepressant
17
Q
Citalopram
FDA Approved Indications/Uses
A
Celexa™
- Depression
18
Q
Citalopram
Adverse Effects
A
Celexa™
- Diaphoresis (sweating)
- Constipation
- Diarrhea
- Vomiting
- Xerostomia (dry mouth)
- Hip fracture (46%)
- Dizziness, headache
- Insomnia
- Sedated, somnolence (excess sleepiness)
- Tremor
- Disorder of ejaculation
- Fatigue
19
Q
Citalopram
Dosage Forms
A
Celexa™
- Tablet
- Solution
20
Q
Citalopram
Patient Education
A
Celexa™
- May impair cognitive and motor performance
- Take this medicine as directed. You may need to take it for a month or more before you feel better. Your dose may need to be changed to find out what works best for you.
- Do not take this medicine and an MAO inhibitor (MAOI) within 14 days of each other.
- This medicine can increase thoughts of suicide.
- Don’t get pregnant.
- Don’t drink alcohol.
21
Q
Duloxetine
Pharmacologic Category
A
- Cymbalta™
- Irenka™
- Drizalma Sprinkle™
- SSNRI
- Antidepressant
- Antianxiety
22
Q
Duloxetine
FDA Approved Indications/Uses
A
- Cymbalta™
- Irenka™
- Drizalma Sprinkle™
- Major depressive disorder (MDD)
- Diabetic peripheral neuropathy - Pain
- Fibromyalgia
- Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
- Musculoskeletal pain, Chronic
23
Q
Duloxetine
Adverse Effects
A
- Cymbalta™
- Irenka™
- Drizalma Sprinkle™
- Diaphoresis (sweating)
- Constipation
- Decrease in appetite
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- Xerostomia (dry mouth)
- Dizziness, headache
- Insomnia
- Somnolence (excess sleepiness)
- Erectile dysfunction (in card)
24
Q
Duloxetine
Dosage Forms
A
- Cymbalta™
- Irenka™
- Drizalma Sprinkle™
- Capsule, DR
- Paste
25
Q
Duloxetine
Patient Education
A
- Cymbalta™
- Irenka™
- Drizalma Sprinkle™
- Therapeutic effects may take as long as 4 weeks
- Swallow the capsule whole. Do not crush, chew, break, or open it.
- You may open the capsule and sprinkle the contents over one tablespoon (15 mL) of applesauce. Swallow the mixture right away and do not save any of the mixture
- You may open the capsule and pour the contents to an all plastic catheter tip syringe and add 50 mL of water. Do not use other liquids. Gently shake it for 10 seconds, and then use it through a nasogastric tube.
- Do not take duloxetine if you have used an MAO inhibitor (MAOI) within the past 14 days. Do not start taking an MAO inhibitor within 5 days of stopping duloxetine.
- Increases suicidal thoughts
- Do not drink alcohol.
26
Q
Escitalopram
Pharmacologic Category
A
Lexapro™
- SSRI
- Antidepressant
- Antianxiety
27
Q
Escitalopram
FDA Approved Indications/Uses
A
Lexapro™
- Generalized anxiety disorder
- Major depressive disorder (MDD)
28
Q
Escitalopram
Adverse Effects
A
Lexapro™
- Diaphoresis (sweating)
- Nausea
- Constipation, diarrhea, indigestion
- Dry mouth
- Somnolence (Excessive sleepiness)
- Disorder of ejaculation
- Orgasm incapacity (females, 2% to 6% ),
- Reduced libido
- Fatigue
- Withdrawal symptom (56% )
29
Q
Escitalopram
Dosage Forms
A
Lexapro™
- Tablets
- Oral solution
30
Q
Escitalopram
Patient Education
A
Lexapro™
- May impair cognitive and motor performance
- Avoid alcohol
- Do not abruptly discontinue treatment
- Consult your doctor if need to take OTC
- This medicine may cause Serotonin syndrome, Low sodium levels,
Increased risk of bleeding problem - Allergic reactions may occur.
31
Q
Fluoxetine
Pharmacologic Category
A
- Prozac™
- SSRI
- Antidepressant
32
Q
Fluoxetine
FDA Approved Indications/Uses
A
- Prozac™
- Bulimia
- Depressed bipolar I disorder
- Major depressive disorder
- Major depressive disorder treatment resistant in combination with olanzapine obsessive-compulsive disorder
- Panic disorder
- Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
33
Q
Fluoxetine
Adverse Effects
A
- Prozac™
- Diarrhea
- Indigestion
- Loss of appetite
- Nauseam
- Xerostomia
- Asthenia
- Dizziness
- Insomnia
- Somnolence
- Tremor
- Anxiety
- Feeling nervous
- Pharyngitis
- Rhinitis
- Influenza-like symptoms
34
Q
Fluoxetine
Dosage Forms
A
- Prozac™
- Capsules
- Tablet
- Solution
- Syrup
35
Q
Fluoxetine
Patient Education
A
- Prozac™
- Instruct patient to report anxiety, panic attacks, worsening depression, suicidal ideation, or unusual changes in behavior, especially at initiation of therapy or with dose changes
- Counsel patient to report symptoms of QT prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias (Torsade de pointes)
- Advise patient to avoid activities requiring mental alertness or coordination until drug effects are realized
- Drug may cause sweating, weight loss, dyspepsia, anorexia, nausea, asthenia, insomnia, tremor, abnormal ejaculation, or impotence
- Counsel patient to report symptoms of serotonin syndrome (agitation, confusion, diaphoresis, hallucinations, hyperreflexia)
- Advise patient to report abnormal bruising or bleeding
- Tell patient to report a skin rash, with or without systemic symptoms (fever, edema, pulmonary effects), as drug may cause a serious cutaneous systemic illness
- Instruct diabetic patients to monitor for symptoms of hypoglycemia and report any changes in glycemic control
- Advise patient against sudden discontinuation of drug
- Warn patient to limit alcohol use with this drug
36
Q
Lorazepam
Pharmacologic Category
A
Ativan™
- Benzodiazpam
- Antianxiety
- Anticonvulsant
- Sedative
37
Q
Lorazepam
FDA Approved Indications/Uses
A
Ativan™
- Anxiety
- Insomnia, due to anxiety or situational stress
- Premedication for anesthetic procedure
- Status epilepticus
38
Q
Lorazepam
Adverse Effects
A
Ativan™
- Asthenia
- Dizziness
- Sedated
- Unsteadiness present
- Depression
- Acidosis
- Delirium
39
Q
Lorazepam
Dosage Forms
A
Ativan™
- Injection
- Solution
- Tablet
40
Q
Lorazepam
Patient Education
A
Ativan™
- Recommend patient avoid activities requiring mental alertness or coordination until drug effects are realized, as drug may cause somnolence
- Warn female patient to avoid pregnancy during therapy
- Side effects may include CNS or respiratory depression, dizziness, weakness, unsteadiness, fatigue, confusion, depression, asthenia, or vertigo
- Advise patient against sudden discontinuation of drug
- Advise patient to avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants
41
Q
Sertraline
Pharmacologic Category
A
Zoloft™
- SSRI
- Antidepressant
42
Q
Sertraline
FDA Approved Indications/Uses
A
Zoloft™
- Major depressive disorder
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder
- Panic disorder
- Posttraumatic stress disorder
- Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
- Social phobia
43
Q
Sertraline
Adverse Effects
A
Zoloft™
- Constipation
- Diarrhea
- Indigestion
- Nausea
- Nausea and vomiting
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Insomnia
- Somnolence
- Tremor
- Abnormal ejaculation
- Reduced libido
- Fatigue
44
Q
Sertraline
Dosage Forms
A
Zoloft™
- Oral solution
- Tablet
45
Q
Sertraline
Patient Education
A
Zoloft™
- Advise patient to avoid activities requiring mental alertness or coordination until drug effects are realized
- Warn patient with latex allergy to use caution with oral concentrate. The dropper contains dry natural rubber
- Instruct patient to report symptoms of serotonin syndrome (eg, mental status changes, autonomic instability, gastrointestinal symptoms, neuromuscular changes, seizures)
- Drug may cause ejaculation failure, dry mouth, increased sweating, somnolence, dizziness, tremor, fatigue, diarrhea, dyspepsia, nausea, insomnia, or reduced libido
- Advise patient that symptomatic improvement may not be seen for a few weeks
- Instruct patient to report worsening depression, suicidal ideation, or unusual changes in behavior
- Advise patient against sudden discontinuation of drug, as this may cause dysphoric mood, irritability, agitation, dizziness, sensory disturbances, anxiety, confusion, headache, lethargy, emotional lability, insomnia, or hypomania
- Instruct patient using oral concentrate that dilution is required prior to dose (eg, water, ginger ale, lemon/lime soda, lemonade, orange juice)
- Warn patient that alcohol use is not advised with drug
46
Q
Zolpidem
Pharmacologic Category
A
Ambien™
- Central Nervous System Agent/Hypnotic
47
Q
Zolpidem
FDA Approved Indications/Uses
A
Ambien™
- Insomnia
48
Q
Zolpidem
Adverse Effects
A
Ambien™
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- Allergic
- Dizziness
- Drugged state
- Headache
- Somnolence
- Visual disturbance
- Fatigue
49
Q
Zolpidem
Dosage Forms
A
Ambien™
- Tablet
- Tablet, ER
- Tablet, SL
- Oral Spray
50
Q
Zolpidem
Patient Education
A
Ambien™
- Warn patient to report complex sleep behaviors (eg, sleep-walking, sleep-driving, preparing and eating food, making phone calls, having sex) while not fully awake
- Counsel patient to avoid activities requiring mental alertness or coordination until drug effects are realized, as drug may cause vision changes, dizziness, next-day psychomotor impairment and increase the risk of falls
- Advise patient to report worsening depression, suicidal ideation, abnormal thoughts, unusual changes in behavior, or anxiety
- Side effects may include headache, fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, and constipation
- Spray, tablets: Instruct patient not to take drug with or immediately following meals
- SL tablet: Tell patient to place tablet under the tongue, to not swallow it whole, and to not take it with water
- Advise patient to avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants
