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PPDI Top 100 Drugs > 1. Antihypertensives > Flashcards

1. Antihypertensives Flashcards

1
Q

Norvasc™

Pharmacologic Category

A

Amlodipine

Calcium Channel Blocker

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2
Q

Norvasc™

FDA Approved Indications/Uses

A

Amlodipine

  • Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
  • Hypertension (HTN)
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3
Q

Norvasc™

Adverse Effects

A
  • Abdominal pain
  • Dizziness
  • Fatigue
  • Flushing
  • Headache
  • Nausea
  • Palpitations
  • Peripheral edema
  • Somnolence
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4
Q

Norvasc™

Dosage Forms

A
  • Tablets
    • 2.5mg
    • 5mg
    • 10mg
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5
Q

Norvasc™

Patient Education

A
  • Patient should avoid activities requiring coordination until drug effects are realized, as drug may cause dizziness.
  • Instruct patient to report signs/symptoms of exacerbation of angina or myocardial infarction with initiation and increase in dose.
    • Patients with severe cardiovascular disease have an increased risk.
  • Instruct patient to take a missed dose as soon as possible, but if it has been more than 12 hours since the dose was missed,
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6
Q

Tenormin™

Pharmacologic Category

A

Atenolol

Beta Blocker

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7
Q

Tenormin™

FDA Approved Indications/Uses

A

Atenolol

  • Acute Myocardial Infarction
  • Angina
  • Hypertension (HTN)
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8
Q

Tenormin™

Adverse Effects

A

Atenolol

  • Bradyarrhythmia
  • Cold extremities
  • Depression
  • Dizziness
  • Fatigue
  • Hypotension
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9
Q

Tenormin™

Dosage Forms

A

Atenolol

  • Tablet:
    • 25mg
    • 50mg
    • 100mg
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10
Q

Tenormin™

Patient Education

A

Atenolol

  • Patient should avoid activities requiring mental alertness or coordination until drug effects are realized, as drug may cause dizziness.
  • Advise patient to report signs/symptoms of cardiac failure.
  • Advise patient against sudden discontinuation of drug especially when being treated for angina.
    • Abrupt withdrawal may cause rebound angina.
  • Patient should take drug on an empty stomach
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11
Q

Coreg™

Pharmacologic Category

A

Carvedilol

Alpha-/Beta-Adrenergic Blocker

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12
Q

Coreg™

FDA Approved Indications/Uses

A

Carvedilol

  • Hypertension (HTN)
  • Heart failure
  • Impaired left ventricular fusion—myocardial infarction (MI)
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13
Q

Coreg™

Adverse Effects

A

Carvedilol

  • Bradyarrhythmia
  • Hypotension
  • Peripheral edema
  • Abnormal weight gain
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Diarrhea
  • Dizziness
  • Erectile dysfunction
  • Fatigue
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14
Q

Coreg™

Dosage Forms

A

Carvedilol

  • Tablet
    • 3.125mg
    • 6.25mg
    • 12.5mg
    • 25mg
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15
Q

Coreg™

Patient Education

A

Carvedilol

  • Patient should avoid activities requiring coordination until drug effects are realized, as drug may cause dizziness.
  • This drug may cause diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, arthralgia, back pain, myalgia, headache, vision disorder, erectile dysfunction, reduced libido, or fatigue.
  • Instruct patient to report signs/symptoms of adverse cardiovascular effects such as hypotension (especially in elderly patients), arrhythmias, syncope, palpitations, angina, or edema.
  • Drug may mask symptoms of hypoglycemia. Advise diabetic patients to carefully monitor blood sugar levels.
  • Patient should take drug with food.
  • Advise patient against sudden discontinuation of drug.
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16
Q

Cardizem™

Pharmacologic Category

A

Diltiazem

Calcium Channel Blocker

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17
Q

Cardizem™

FDA Approved Indications/Uses

A

Diltiazem

  • Atrial arrythmia
  • Hypertension
  • Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
  • Stable angina, chronic
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18
Q

Cardizem™

Adverse Effects

A

Diltiazem

  • Bradyarrhythmia
  • Peripheral edema
  • Dizziness
  • Headache
  • Cough
  • Fatigue
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19
Q

Cardizem™

Dosage Forms

A

Diltiazem

  • Tablet
    • 30mg
    • 60mg
    • 90mg
    • 120mg
  • ER Tablets
    • 180mg
    • 240mg
    • 300mg
    • 360mg
    • 420
  • Capsules
  • IV
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20
Q

Cardizem™

Patient Education

A

Diltiazem

  • Patient should avoid activities requiring coordination until drug effects are realized, as drug may cause dizziness.
  • This drug may cause gingival hyperplasia, headache, or dermatologic reactions such as exfoliative dermatitis (reddened skin, skin peeling/flaking) or erythema multiforme (flu-like symptoms, spreading red rash, may progress to more severe form with blistering).
  • Instruct patient to report symptomatic hypotension, bradyarrhythmia, peripheral edema, or syncope.
  • Advise patient against sudden discontinuation of drug.
  • This drug is available in multiple brand names with varying properties by brand. Instruct patient to follow administration instructions specific to the prescribed brand with regards to meals and timing.
  • Patient should avoid concomitant use of beta-blockers or digitalis during drug therapy, unless otherwise directed by healthcare professional.
  • Patient should not drink alcohol while taking this drug.
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21
Q

Lasix™

Pharmacologic Category

A

Furosemide

  • Diuretic
  • Anthranilic Acid Derivative
22
Q

Lasix™

FDA Approved Indications/Uses

A

Furosemide

  • Congestive heart failure – edema
  • Edema
  • Renal failure – edema
  • Hypertension
  • Pulmonary embolism, acute; adjunct
23
Q

Lasix™

Adverse Effects

A

Furosemide

  • Hyperuricemia
  • Hypomagnesemia
  • Loss of appetite
  • Spasm of bladder
24
Q

Lasix™

Dosage Forms

A

Furosemide

  • Tablet
    • 20mg
    • 40mg
    • 80mg
25
Q

Lasix™

Patient Education

A

Furosemide

  • Drug causes sun-sensitivity. Advise patient to use sunscreen and avoid tanning beds.
  • Patient should avoid activities requiring coordination until drug effects are realized, as drug may cause dizziness, vertigo, or blurred vision.
  • This drug may cause hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, constipation, diarrhea, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, purpuric disorder, cramps, spasticity, asthenia, headache, paresthesia, or scaling eczema.
  • Instruct patient to report unusual bleeding/bruising or signs/symptoms of hypotension, infection, pancreatitis, or ototoxicity (tinnitus, hearing impairment).
  • Advise patient to report signs/symptoms of a severe skin reactions (flu-like symptoms, spreading red rash, or skin/mucous membrane blistering) or erythema multiforme.
  • Instruct patient to eat high-potassium foods during drug therapy, as directed by healthcare professional.
  • Patient should not drink alcohol while taking this drug.
26
Q

Microzide™

Pharmacologic Category

A

Hydrochlorothiazide

Diuretic

27
Q

Microzide™

FDA Approved Indications/Uses

A

Hydrochlorothiazide

  • Edema; adjunct
  • Hypertension
28
Q

Microzide™

Adverse Effects

A

Hydrochlorothiazide

  • Hypotension
  • Phototoxicity
  • Vertigo
29
Q

Microzide™

Dosage Forms

A

Hydrochlorothiazide

  • Capsule
    • 12.5mg
  • Tablet
    • 12.5mg
    • 25mg
    • 50mg
30
Q

Microzide™

Patient Education

A

Hydrochlorothiazide

  • Warn patient to avoid activities requiring mental alertness or coordination until drug effects are realized, as drug may cause blurred vision, vertigo, or dizziness.
  • Drug may cause electrolyte imbalances (hyperuricemia, hyponatremia, hypercalcemia), constipation, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, paresthesias, muscle spasm, photosensitivity, rash, restlessness, or impotence.
  • Advise patient to report signs/symptoms of acute transient myopia associated with acute angle-closure glaucoma, including sudden ocular pain or decreased visual acuity.
  • Counsel diabetic patient to monitor for signs/symptoms of hyperglycemia and to report difficulties with glycemic control.
  • Tell patient to maintain adequate hydration, especially with exercise, sweating, diarrhea, or vomiting.
  • Advise patient to report signs/symptoms of hypotension, hypokalemia, or hypomagnesemia.
  • Instruct patient to avoid alcohol while taking drug as orthostatic hypotension may be aggravated.
  • Warn patient that there are multiple significant drug-drug interactions for this drug and to consult a healthcare professional prior to new drug use (including over-the-counter and herbal drugs).
31
Q

Prinivil™

Pharmacologic Category

A

Lisinopril

ACE Inhibitor

32
Q

Prinivil™

FDA Approved Indications/Uses

A

Lisinopril

  • Acute myocardial infarction
  • Heart failure; adjunct
  • Hypertension
33
Q

Prinivil™

Adverse Effects

A

Lisinopril

  • Chest pain
  • Hypotension
  • Syncope
  • Dizziness
  • Headache
  • Cough
34
Q

Prinivil™

Dosage Forms

A

Lisinopril

  • Tablet
    • 2.5mg
    • 5mg
    • 10mg
    • 20mg
    • 30mg
    • 40mg
35
Q

Prinivil™

Patient Education

A

Lisinopril

  • This drug may cause nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, or angioedema of face, lips, throat, or intestines.
  • Instruct patient to report signs/symptoms of hypotension, or a persistent cough.
  • Advise patient against sudden discontinuation of drug.
36
Q

Cozaar™

Pharmacologic Category

A

Losartan

Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker

37
Q

Cozaar™

FDA Approved Indications/Uses

A

Losartan

  • Cerebrovascular accident
    • In hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, prophylaxis
  • Diabetic neuropathy
    • T2DM
    • History of hypertension
  • Hypertension
38
Q

Cozaar™

Adverse Effects

A

Losartan

  • Backache
  • Dizziness
  • Cough
  • Nasal congestion
  • Upper respiratory infection
39
Q

Cozaar™

Dosage Forms

A

Losartan

  • Tablet
    • 25mg
    • 50mg
    • 100mg
40
Q

Cozaar™

Patient Education

A

Losartan

  • Warn female patient to avoid pregnancy and to report a pregnancy that occurs during therapy.
  • Side effects may include dizziness, upper respiratory infection, nasal congestion, and back pain.
  • Warn patient to avoid use of potassium supplements or potassium-containing salt substitutes unless they consult healthcare provider.
41
Q

Lopressor™

Pharmacologic Category

A

Metoprolol tartrate

Beta-Adrenergic Blocker

42
Q

Lopressor™

FDA Approved Indications/Uses

A

Metoprolol tartrate

  • Acute myocardial infarction
  • Angina pectoris
  • Hypertension
43
Q

Lopressor™

Adverse Effects

A

Metoprolol tartrate

  • Bradyarrhythmia
  • Hypotension
  • Dizziness
44
Q

Lopressor™

Dosage Forms

A

Metoprolol tartrate

  • Tablet
    • 25mg
    • 37.5mg
    • 50mg
    • 75mg
    • 100mg
  • IV
    • 1mg/ml
45
Q

Lopressor™

Patient Education

A

Metoprolol tartrate

  • Patient should avoid activities requiring coordination until drug effects are realized, as drug may cause dizziness.
  • This drug may cause diarrhea, depression, or fatigue.
  • Advise patient to report signs/symptoms of cardiac failure. This drug may precipitate or exacerbate cardiac failure in CHF patients.
  • Tell patient to report signs/symptoms of arrhythmias or hypotension.
  • Drug may mask symptoms of hypoglycemia. Advise diabetics to report difficulties with glycemic control.
  • Patient should take extended-release tablet with or immediately following meals.
  • Advise patient against sudden interruption or discontinuation of drug, as this may exacerbate angina or cause myocardial infarction. Sudden discontinuation by patients with thyrotoxicosis may precipitate thyroid storm.
  • Instruct patient to take a missed dose as soon as possible, but if next dose is in less than 4 h, skip the missed dose.
46
Q

Aldactone™

Pharmacologic Category

A

Spironolactone

Renal Competitive Aldosterone Antagonist

47
Q

Aldactone™

FDA Approved Indications/Uses

A

Spironolactone

  • Cirrhosis of liver—edema
  • Edema—nephrotic syndrome
  • Heart failure
    • NYHA Class III or IV
  • Hyperaldosteronism
  • Hypertension; add-on therapy
48
Q

Aldactone™

Adverse Effects

A

Spironolactone

  • Gynecomastia
  • Diarrhea
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Somnolence
  • Disorder of menstruation
  • Erectile dysfunction
49
Q

Aldactone™

Dosage Forms

A

Spironolactone

  • Tablet
    • 25mg
    • 50mg
    • 100mg
50
Q

Aldactone™

Patient Education

A

Spironolactone

  • Warn patient to report dehydration, hypotension, or symptoms of worsening renal function.
  • Counsel male patient to report gynecomastia.
  • Side effects may include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, fever, leg cramps, lethargy, mental confusion, decreased libido, irregular menses, and rash.
  • Suspension: Tell patient to take drug consistently with respect to food, either before or after a meal.
  • Advise patient to avoid potassium supplements and foods containing high levels of potassium, including salt substitutes.

PPDI Top 100 Drugs (5 decks)

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