4. Antimicrobials Flashcards
1
Q
Acyclovir
Pharmacologic Category
A
- Sitavig™
- Zovirax™
Antiviral Agent
2
Q
Acyclovir
FDA Approved Indications/Uses
A
- Sitavig™
- Zovirax™
- Herpes Simplex Virus, genital
- Herpes zoster (shingles)
- Varicella (chickenpox)
3
Q
Acyclovir
Adverse Effects
A
- Sitavig™
- Zovirax™
- Malaise
- Decrease in absolute neutrophil count
- Decreased hemoglobin
- Headache
- Pruritis
- Skin rash
- Urticaria
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Thrombocytopenia
- Inflammation at injection site
- Increased BUN
- Increased SCr
4
Q
Acyclovir
Dosage Forms
A
- Sitavig™
- Zovirax™
- Capsule
- IV
- Oral suspension
- Tablet
- Topical cream
- Topical ointment
5
Q
Acyclovir
Patient Education
A
- Sitavig™
- Zovirax™
-
For all uses of this drug:
- Drink lots of noncaffeine liquids every day unless told to drink less liquid by your doctor.
- Tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan on getting pregnant, or are breast-feeding. You will need to talk about the benefits and risks to you and the baby.
-
For herpes infection:
- This drug is not a cure for herpes infections.
- If you have genital herpes, this drug will not stop it from spreading. Do not have any kind of sex when you have sores or other signs of genital herpes. Genital herpes can also be spread if you do not have any signs. Do not have any kind of sex without using a latex or polyurethane condom.
6
Q
Amoxicillin
Pharmacologic Category
A
Amoxil™
- Antibiotic
- Penicillin
7
Q
Amoxicillin
FDA Approved Indications/Uses
A
Amoxil™
- Ear, nose, throat infections
- Genitourinary tract infections
- Helicobacter pylori eradication
- Lower respiratory tract infections
- Rhinosinusitis, acute bacterial
- Skin and skin structure infections
8
Q
Amoxicillin
Adverse Effects
A
Amoxil™
- Headache
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Vulvovaginal infection
9
Q
Amoxicillin
Dosage Forms
A
Amoxil™
- Capsule
- Oral suspension, reconstituted
- Tablet
- Tablet, chewable
- Tablet, ER
10
Q
Amoxicillin
Patient Education
A
Amoxil™
-
All products:
- Very bad and sometimes deadly allergic side effects have rarely happened.
- Have your blood work checked if you are on this drug for a long time.
- This drug may affect certain lab tests, including urine glucose tests.
- Do not use longer than you have been told. A second infection may happen.
- Birth control pills and other hormone-based birth control may not work as well to prevent pregnancy. Use some other kind of birth control like a condom when taking this drug.
- Tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan on getting pregnant, or are breast-feeding. You will need to talk about the benefits and risks to you and the baby.
-
Chewable tablet:
- If you have phenylketonuria (PKU), talk with your doctor. Some products have phenylalanine.
11
Q
Azithromycin
Pharmacologic Category
A
- Zithromax™
- Zithromax Tri-Pak™
- Zithromax Z-Pak™
- Antibiotic
- Macrolide
12
Q
Azithromycin
FDA Approved Indications/Uses
A
- Zithromax™
- Zithromax Tri-Pak™
- Zithromax Z-Pak™
- COPD-bacterial exacerbation
- Mycobacterium avium complex
- Acute Otitis Media
- Pneumonia community acquired
- Skin infections
- Strep Pharyngitis
13
Q
Azithromycin
Adverse Effects
A
- Zithromax™
- Zithromax Tri-Pak™
- Zithromax Z-Pak™
- Gastrointestinal: loose stools, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting
- Skin rash
- Vaginitis
14
Q
Azithromycin
Dosage Forms
A
- Zithromax™
- Zithromax Tri-Pak™
- Zithromax Z-Pak™
- Tablet
- Oral suspension
- Suspension immediate release
- Suspension ER
- Injectable IV
- Eye drop
15
Q
Azithromycin
Patient Education
A
- Zithromax™
- Zithromax Tri-Pak™
- Zithromax Z-Pak™
- Talk to your doctor if you have any signs of fast heartbeat, hearing impairment, chest pain, swollen glands, vision changes, dizziness
- Myasthenia gravis like muscle weakness
- Signs of wheezing or difficulty breathing
- Oral suspension, immediate release may be administered with or without food
- Oral suspension, extended release should be taken on an empty stomach (1hr before or 2 hrs after a meal) Zmax
- Tablet may be taken with food to decrease GI effects
- Shake suspensions before use
16
Q
Cephalexin
Pharmacologic Category
A
Keflex™
- Antibiotic
- Cephalosporin (First-Generation)
17
Q
Cephalexin
FDA Approved Indications/Uses
A
Keflex™
- Bone infections
- Genitourinary tract infections
- Otitis media
- Respiratory tract infections
- Skin and skin structure infections
18
Q
Cephalexin
Adverse Effects
A
Keflex™
- Pseudomembranous colitis
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Dyspepsia
- Gastritis
- Transient hepatitis
- Hypersensitivity
- Angioedema, rash, and urticaria
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome
- Anaphylaxis
- Agitation, confusion
- Seizures, particularly in patients with renal function impairment
19
Q
Cephalexin
Dosage Forms
A
Keflex™
- Capsules
- Suspension
- Tablets
20
Q
Cephalexin
Patient Education
A
Keflex™
-
All drugs
- Take with or without food. Take with food if it causes an upset stomach.
- Keep taking this drug as you have been told by your doctor or other health care provider, even if you feel well.
-
Liquid (suspension):
- Shake well before use.
- Diarrhea is common with antibiotics. Rarely, a severe form called C diff–associated diarrhea (CDAD) may happen. Sometimes, this has led to a deadly bowel problem (colitis). CDAD may happen during or a few months after taking antibiotics. Call your doctor right away if you have stomach pain, cramps, or very loose, watery, or bloody stools. Check with your doctor before treating diarrhea.
- Get medical help right away if you have signs like red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin
21
Q
Ciprofloxacin
Pharmacologic Category
A
Cipro™
- Antibiotic
- Fluoroquinolone
22
Q
Ciprofloxacin
FDA Approved Indications/Uses
A
Cipro™
- Bone and joint infections
- Chronic bacterial prostatitis
- Complicated intra-abdominal infections
- Infectious diarrhea
- Inhalational anthrax (postexposure)
- Plague
- Typhoid fever (enteric fever)
- Urinary tract infections
- Acute uncomplicated cystitis
23
Q
Ciprofloxacin
Adverse Effects
A
Cipro™
- Musculoskeletal signs and symptoms
- Diarrhea
- Vomiting
24
Q
Ciprofloxacin
Dosage Forms
A
Cipro™
- IV
- Suspension
- Tablets
- Tablet ER
- Opthamalic formulation
- Otic formulation
25
Q
Ciprofloxacin
Patient Education
A
Cipro™
- Call your doctor right away if you have signs of nervous system problems. These may include anxiety, bad dreams, trouble sleeping, change in eyesight, dizziness,
- Do not take if you have myasthenia gravis.
- This drug may cause severe side effects like irritated or torn tendons; nerve problems in the arms, hands, legs, or feet.
- Avoid driving and doing other tasks or actions that call for you to be alert until you see how this drug affects you.
- High and low blood sugar has happened with drugs like this one.
- Tell your doctor if you take a drug that has caffeine, or you eat or drink products that have caffeine, like tea, coffee, cola, or chocolate.
- You may get sunburned more easily. Avoid sun
- Use care in children younger than 18 years of age.
26
Q
Clindamycin
Pharmacologic Category
A
Cleocin™
- Antibiotic
- Lincosamide
27
Q
Clindamycin
FDA Approved Indications/Uses
A
Cleocin™
- Gynecological infections
- Intra-abdominal infections
- Lower respiratory tract infections
- Pneumonia, empyema
- Septicemia
- Skin and skin structure infections
- Treatment of skin and skin structure infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, S. aureus
28
Q
Clindamycin
Adverse Effects
A
Cleocin™
- Hypotension (rare; IV administration)
- Metallic taste
- Dermatologic, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, erythema, exfoliative dermatitis (rare)
- GI–Abdominal pain, antibiotic-associated colitis
- Hypersensitivity–Anaphylactic shock, Immunologic
- DRESS syndrome (Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms)
29
Q
Clindamycin
Dosage Forms
A
Cleocin™
- Capsule
- Injection solution
- IV
- Oral solution
- Topical foam
- Topical gel/jelly
- Topical lotion
- Topical pad
- Topical solution
- Vaginal cream
30
Q
Clindamycin
Patient Education
A
Cleocin™
- This drug does not treat the common cold.
- Do not use longer than you have been told.
- A severe and sometimes deadly reaction has happened. Most of the time, this reaction has signs like fever, rash, or swollen glands with problems in body organs like the liver, kidney, blood, heart, muscles and joints, or lungs. If you have questions, talk with the doctor.
- If you are allergic to tartrazine, talk with your doctor
- Bad taste in mouth
31
Q
Doxycycline
Pharmacologic Category
A
- Avidoxy™
- Doryx™
- Doryx MPC™
- Mondoxyne NL™
- Morgidox™
- Okebo™
- Oracea™
- TargaDOX™
- Vibramycin™
- Antibiotic
- Tetracycline derivative
32
Q
Doxycycline
FDA Approved Indications/Uses
A
- Avidoxy™
- Doryx™
- Doryx MPC™
- Mondoxyne NL™
- Morgidox™
- Okebo™
- Oracea™
- TargaDOX™
- Vibramycin™
- Acne
- Actinomycosis
- Acute intestinal amebiasis
- Anthrax
- Cholera
- Clostridium
- Gram-negative infections
- Listeriosis
- Malaria prophylaxis
- Ophthalmic infections
- Periodontitis
- Relapsing fever
- Respiratory tract infections
- Rosacea
- STI
- Skin infections
- Vinvent Infecions
- Ywas
- Zoonotic infections
33
Q
Doxycycline
Adverse Effects
A
- Avidoxy™
- Doryx™
- Doryx MPC™
- Mondoxyne NL™
- Morgidox™
- Okebo™
- Oracea™
- TargaDOX™
- Vibramycin™
- Hypertension
- Anxiety
- Pain
- Increased lactate dehydrogenase, increased serum glucose
- Diarrhea
- upper abdominal pain
- abdominal distention
- Fungal infection, influenza
- Back pain
- Increased serum aspartate aminotransferase
34
Q
Doxycyline
Dosage Forms
A
- Avidoxy™
- Doryx™
- Doryx MPC™
- Mondoxyne NL™
- Morgidox™
- Okebo™
- Oracea™
- TargaDOX™
- Vibramycin™
- Capsules
- Capsules DR tablets
- Tablets DR
- Kits
- Solutions
- Suspensions
- Syrup
35
Q
Doxycyline
Patient Education
A
- Avidoxy™
- Doryx™
- Doryx MPC™
- Mondoxyne NL™
- Morgidox™
- Okebo™
- Oracea™
- TargaDOX™
- Vibramycin™
- Don’t take if you are taking Acitretin, isotretinoin, or penicillin
- Do not breastfeed when are you taking the drug
- Do not use longer than you have been told. A second infection may happen.
- If you are allergic to sulfites, talk with your doctor. Some products have sulfites.
- This drug may make you sunburn more easily. Use care if you will be in the sun
- A very bad skin reaction (Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis) may happen. It can cause very bad health problems that may not go away, and sometimes death.
- Birth control pills and other hormone-based birth control may not work as well to prevent pregnancy.
- This drug may cause a change in tooth color to yellow-gray-brown in children younger than 8 years old.
- This drug may cause harm to the unborn baby if you take it while you are pregnant.
36
Q
Fluconazole
Pharmacologic Category
A
Diflucan™
- Antifungal Agent
37
Q
Fluconazole
FDA Approved Indications/Uses
A
Diflucan™
- Candidiasis (prophylaxis and treatment)
- Cryptococcal meningitis
38
Q
Fluconazole
Adverse Effects
A
Diflucan™
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Skin rash
- Nausea
- Abdominal pain
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
39
Q
Fluconazole
Dosage Forms
A
Diflucan™
- IV solution
- Oral Suspension, Reconstituted
- Tablet
40
Q
Fluconazole
Patient Education
A
Diflucan™
- Avoid driving and doing other tasks or actions that call for you to be alert until you see how this drug affects you.
- Do not use longer than you have been told. A second infection may happen.
- This drug may affect how much of some other drugs are in your body. If you are taking other drugs, talk with your doctor. You may need to have your blood work checked more closely while taking this drug with your other drugs.
- Very bad skin problems like rashes have happened with this drug. Sometimes, this has been deadly in people with other bad health problems.
- Very bad liver problems have rarely happened with this drug. Sometimes, this has been deadly in people with other bad health problems.
- A severe and sometimes deadly reaction has happened. Most of the time, this reaction has signs like fever, rash, or swollen glands with problems in body organs like the liver, kidney, blood, heart, muscles and joints, or lungs.
- If you are 65 or older, use this drug with care. You could have more side effects.
- This drug may cause harm to the unborn baby
41
Q
Oseltamivir
Pharmacologic Category
A
Tamiflu™
- Antiviral Agent
- Neuraminidase inhibitor
42
Q
Oseltamivir
FDA Approved Indications/Uses
A
Tamiflu™
- Influenza (seasonal prophylaxis and treatment)
43
Q
Oseltamivir
Adverse Effects
A
Tamiflu™
- Headache
- Vomiting
- Pain
- Nausea
44
Q
Oseltamivir
Dosage Forms
A
Tamiflu™
- Capsule
- Suspension
45
Q
Oseltamivir
Patient Education
A
Tamiflu™
- This drug is not to be taken in place of a flu shot. If your doctor told you to get the flu shot, you need to get it.
- This drug does not treat the common cold.
- This drug does not stop the spread of the flu to others.
- Talk with your doctor before getting a flu vaccine after taking this drug. Talk with your doctor before you take this drug if you have just gotten a flu vaccine.
- Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan on getting pregnant. You will need to talk about the benefits and risks of using this drug while you are pregnant.
- Tell your doctor if you are breast-feeding. You will need to talk about any risks to your baby
46
Q
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole
Pharmacologic Category
A
- Bactrim™
- Bactrim DS™
- Sulfatrim Pediatric™
- Antibiotic
- Sulfonamide derivative
47
Q
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole
FDA Approved Indications/Uses
A
- Bactrim™
- Bactrim DS™
- Sulfatrim Pediatric™
- Acute exacerbations of COPD
- Acute otitis media
- PCP
- Shigellosis
- Traveler’s diarrhea
- UTIs
48
Q
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole
Adverse Effects
A
- Bactrim™
- Bactrim DS™
- Sulfatrim Pediatric™
- Allergic myocarditis
- Periateritis nodosa
- Hallucination, headache, insomnia, nervousness
- Diarrhea, vomiting, nausea
49
Q
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole
Dosage Forms
A
- Bactrim™
- Bactrim DS™
- Sulfatrim Pediatric™
- Solution
- Suspension
- Tablet
50
Q
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole
Patient Education
A
- Bactrim™
- Bactrim DS™
- Sulfatrim Pediatric™
- Do not use longer than you have been told. A second infection may happen.
- Be careful if you have G6PD deficiency. Anemia may happen.
- If you have high blood sugar (diabetes), you will need to watch your blood sugar closely.
- Talk with your doctor before you drink alcohol.
- This drug may make you sunburn more easily. Use care if you will be in the sun. Tell your doctor if you sunburn easily while taking this drug.
- This drug may affect how much of some other drugs are in your body.
- Rarely, very bad effects have happened with sulfa drugs. Sometimes, these have been deadly. These effects have included liver problems, blood problems, and very bad skin reactions (Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis).
- This drug may raise the chance of a very bad brain problem called aseptic meningitis. Call your doctor right away if you have a headache, fever, chills, very upset stomach or throwing up, stiff neck, rash, bright lights bother your eyes, feeling sleepy, or feeling confused.
- If you are 65 or older, use this drug with care. You could have more side effects.
- This drug may cause harm to the unborn baby if you take it while you are pregnant.
