[4] Cestodes Flashcards by Abijah Brittany Mique

cestodes phylum

Platyhelminthes

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cestodes common name

Tapeworms

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Complex life cycles except for

Hymenolepsis nana

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cestodes 3 forms

eggs, larva, adults

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cestodes; Non operculated except for

Diphyllobotrium latum

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bears six tiny hooklets that
facilitate entry into the intestinal mucosa of the intermediate
host

Oncopshere or hexacanth embryo

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may have one or more stages

larva

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Flat and ribbonlike segmented body
Small intestine (common habitat)
Monoecious (hermaphrodites) and oviparous

adults cestodes

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cestodes body consists of

Scolex, Neck, proglottids

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anterior attachment organ
○ Four muscular, cup-shaped suckers, except for Diphyllobotrium
latum
○ May have a rostellum, an elongate and protrusible structure

scolex

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region immediately posterior to scolex

neck

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body segmentation

Proglottids

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new segments; do not contain fully developed
structures

Immature

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largers segments found near the middle of the
strobila (proglottid chain)

Mature

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terminal portion

Gravid

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Usually filled with eggs enclosed in the uterus
➢ May be dischared along with eggs in stools

Gravid

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taenia saginata; Commonly known

Beef Tapeworms

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taenia saginata; Mode of
Transmission

Ingestion of larvae in raw or undercooked
beef

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taenia saginata; Infective stage

Oncospheres develops into cysticerci

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taenia saginata; Diagnostic stage

Eggs, gravid proglottids

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taenia saginata; Intermediate host

Cattle

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taenia saginata; Definitive host

Human

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MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SAGINATA; Up to 100,000 eggs may be produced

EGG

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MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SAGINATA; Round to slightly oval, 31-43μm

EGG

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MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SAGINATA; Has two radially-striated shells ● Outer shell (thin, barely visible) ● Inner shell (thick, striated)

EGG

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SAGINATA; Contain six-hooked embryo (oncosphere)

EGG

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SAGINATA; Remains viable in soil for days to weeks

EGG

eggs are indistinguishable

T. solium and T. saginata

yes or no Ingestion of T. saginata eggs does not result in infection

yes

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SAGINATA; Ovoid , cystic that contains non hooked scolex inside segments that are immature

LARVAL- Cysticercus

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SAGINATA; Oncospheres develop into cysticerci

LARVAL- Cysticercus

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SAGINATA; 5-10mm in length and 5mm in diameter

LARVAL- Cysticercus

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SAGINATA; consists of a dense milky white spot at one side where the invaginated scolex are located

LARVAL- Cysticercus

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SAGINATA; Usually measures 5 m or less but may reach up to 25 m

ADULT

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SAGINATA; Whitish opaque in color

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SAGINATA; similar to T. solium except reostellum is not well defined and has no spines of hooklets

scolex (adult)

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SAGINATA; organ of attachment

scolex (adult)

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SAGINATA; Immature and Mature proglottid - broader than longer

mmature and Mature proglottid

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SAGINATA; twice as many testes as T.solium

Proglottids (segments) - (~1000) (adult)

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SAGINATA; ● narrower than longer

Gravid proglottid

TAENIA SAGINATA; Laboratory Diagnosis

1. Recovery of eggs and gravid proglottids in stool samples 2. Proglottids – obtained through fixing in 10% formaldehyde solution

Proglottids – obtained through fixing in

10% formaldehyde solution

TAENIA SAGINATA; c or symptomatic

TAENIA SAGINATA;

Beef Tapeworm Infection

Taeniasis:

diarrhea, abdominal pain, change in appetite, and slight weight loss, may be experienced by Taenia-infected patients.

Taeniasis:

In addition, symptoms including dizziness, vomiting, and nausea may also develop.

Taeniasis:

Taeniasis; treatment

Praziquantel, Niclosamide, Paramomycin

Taeniasis; prevention

cooking of beef thoroughly; proper sanitation practices

TAENIA SOLIUM; common name

Pork Tapeworms

TAENIA SOLIUM; MOT

Ingestion of larvae in raw or undercooked pork

TAENIA SOLIUM; Infective stage

Oncospheres develops into cysticerci

TAENIA SOLIUM; Diagnostic stage

Eggs, gravid proglottids

TAENIA SOLIUM; Intermediate host

Pigs, boars, black bears

TAENIA SOLIUM; Definitive host

Human

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SOLIUM; Up to 100,000 eggs may be produced

EGG

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SOLIUM; Round to slightly oval, 31-43μm

EGG

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SOLIUM; Has two radially-striated shells ● Outer shell (thin, barely visible) ● Inner shell (thick, striated)

EGG

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SOLIUM; Contain six-hooked embryo (oncosphere)

EGG

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SOLIUM; Remains viable in soil for days to weeks

EGG

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SOLIUM; T.solium and T.saginata eggs are indistinguishable

EGG

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SOLIUM; Ingestion of T.saginata eggs does not result in infection

EGG

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SOLIUM;Similar with cysticerci of T. saginata

LARVAL- Cysticercus

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SOLIUM;Ovoid, cystic that contains non hooked scolex inside segments that are immature

LARVAL- Cysticercus

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SOLIUM; Oncospheres develop into cysticeri

LARVAL- Cysticercus

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SOLIUM;5-10mm in length and 5mm in diameter

LARVAL- Cysticercus

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SOLIUM; Usually measures 2-3m

adult

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SOLIUM; Globular with 4 cup-shaped suckers

Scolex

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SOLIUM; Conspicuous, rounded rostellum armed with double rows of large and small hooks numbering 22 to 36

Scolex

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SOLIUM; Short; measuring 5-10mm in length

Neck

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SOLIUM; May reach up to ~1000 segments

Proglottids or Segments

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SOLIUM; Immature - broaden than long

Proglottids or Segments

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SOLIUM; Mature - nearly square

Proglottids or Segments

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SOLIUM; located in the posterior of the proglottid with the presence of accessory ovarian lobe

Trilobed ovary

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SOLIUM; longer than broader ○ ? uterus with 7-13 lateral uterine branches arranged in a finger-like fashion

Gravid

MORPHOLOGY: TAENIA SOLIUM; laboratory diagnosis

1. Recovery of eggs and gravid proglottids in stool samples 2. Proglottids – obtained through fixing in 10% formaldehyde solution 3. Neurocysticercosis - Biopsy/CT scan

TAENIA SOLIUM; asymptomatic or symptomatic

asymptomatic

Pork Tapeworm Infection

Taeniasis

diarrhea, abdominal pain, change in appetite, and slight weight loss, may be experienced by Taenia-infected patients.

Taeniasis

● In addition, symptoms including dizziness, vomiting, and nausea may also develop.

Taeniasis

Infection of humans with larval stage of the parasite

Human Cysticercosis

Man becomes the intermediate host

Human Cysticercosis

Outer shell of egg disintegrates in the small intestine, then oncosphere invades intestinal wall and enter a blood vessel, and eventually travels to human muscles

Human Cysticercosis

causes seizures and muscle damage

Human Cysticercosis

May infect eyes, brain, heart and liver

Human Cysticercosis

most common parasitic disease of the CNS

Neurocysticercosis(NCC)

taenesis; treatment

Praziquantel

cystercosis ; treatment

Symptomatic treatment and surgery

cystercosis ; prevention

SPractice good personal hygiene

HYMENOLEPSIS NANA; Commonly known

Dwarf Tapeworms

HYMENOLEPSIS NANA; Mode of Transmission

Fecal-oral route

HYMENOLEPSIS NANA; Infective stage

Embryonated egg

HYMENOLEPSIS NANA; Diagnostic stage

Embryonated egg

HYMENOLEPSIS NANA;Intermediate host

none

HYMENOLEPSIS NANA; Definitive host

human

MORPHOLOGY: HYMENOLEPSIS NANA; Grayish hyaline, nearly spherical/oval (20-40μm)

EGG

MORPHOLOGY: HYMENOLEPSIS NANA; Has two thin membranous shells, (embryo protection)

EGG

MORPHOLOGY: HYMENOLEPSIS NANA;Presence of filaments differentiates it from H. diminuta

EGG

MORPHOLOGY: HYMENOLEPSIS NANA; Hexacanth embryo with 6 hooklets (3 pairs)

ADULT

MORPHOLOGY: HYMENOLEPSIS NANA; Usually measures 25-40mm in length

ADULT

MORPHOLOGY: HYMENOLEPSIS NANA;200 (no. of proglottids)

ADULT

MORPHOLOGY: HYMENOLEPSIS NANA; Globular, small

Scolex

MORPHOLOGY: HYMENOLEPSIS NANA; short refractile rostellum with 20-30 small hooklets

Scolex

MORPHOLOGY: HYMENOLEPSIS NANA; 4 cup-shaped suckers

Scolex

MORPHOLOGY: HYMENOLEPSIS NANA;- undifferentiated

Immature

MORPHOLOGY: HYMENOLEPSIS NANA; trapezoidal shape; 4x as broad as long ○ has 3 round testes and bilobed ovary

Mature

MORPHOLOGY: HYMENOLEPSIS NANA; contains the sacculate uterus filled with eggs in egg packets

Gravid -

HYMENOLEPSIS NANA; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

Recovery of characteristic ova in stool samples

HYMENOLEPSIS NANA; symptomatic or asymptomatic

Asymptomatic

Dwarf Tapeworm Infection

Hymenolepiasis:

can cause weakness, headaches, and gastrointestinal symptoms (anorexia, abdominal pain, and diarrhea).

Hymenolepiasis:

Hymenolepiasis; treatment

Praziquantel; Niclosamide

Hymenolepiasis; prevention

Practice good personal hygiene