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MP LAB > [3] Nematodes > Flashcards

[3] Nematodes Flashcards

1
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS; Common name:

A

Pudoc worm

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2
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS; Infective stage:

A

larvae

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3
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS; Definitive host:

A

Human / avian species

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4
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS; Intermediate host:

A

fresh- or brackish-water fish

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5
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS; Habitat:

A

Habitat: intestinal mucosa (jejunum)

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6
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS; Diagnostic stage:

A

unembryonated thick shelled eggs passed in feces

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7
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS; Mode of transmission

A

Eating ingestion of raw or undercooked C. philippinensis- infected fish

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8
Q

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

A

Specific diagnosis is established by finding eggs, larvae and/or adult
worms in the stool or in intestinal biopsies

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9
Q

typical stage found in the feces; not yet
fertilized

A

Unembryonated eggs

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10
Q

embryonated eggs, larvae, and even adult
worms can be found in the feces

A

Severe infections

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11
Q

EGG MORPHOLOGY; Peanut- or barrel-shaped, W with striated shells, flattened ends,
and prominent bipolar mucoid plugs

A

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

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12
Q

EGG MORPHOLOGY; Measure 35 to 45 um in length by 20-25 um in width

A

CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

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13
Q

Long and slender

A

Adult worms CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

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14
Q

usually measure between 2.3 and 3.2 mm
and are slightly shorter than the females

A

male adult wormsCAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

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15
Q

usually measure between 2.5 and 4.3
mm

A

female adult worms CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

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16
Q

Found embedded in the mucosa of the small
intestine

A

Adult worms CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

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17
Q

Anterior body is narrow, and the posterior is
slightly wider and contains reproductive organs
and the digestive tract

A

Adult worms CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

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18
Q

Some worms - alimentary canal such as larynx,
esophagus, stomach and colon

A

Adult worms CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

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19
Q

Diarrhea and malabsorption

A

CAPILLARIASIS

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20
Q

Borborygmi, abdominal pain, vomiting, weight loss, and malaise ->
wasting, abdominal distention, and edema

A

CAPILLARIASIS

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21
Q

Fatal protein-losing enteropathy; fat, mineral, and vitamin
malabsorption; and electrolyte loss

A

CAPILLARIASIS

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22
Q

hepatitis with eosinophilia

A

Hepatic capillariasis

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23
Q
  • fever, cough, asthma, and pneumonia.
A

Pulmonary capillariasis

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24
Q

CAPILLARIASIS; treatment

A

Mebendazole 400 mg/day given in divided doses for 20 days
for new cases and for 30 days for relapses of cases
○ Albendazole has also been found effective

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25
Q

CAPILLARIASIS; prevention and control

A

Cooking fish thoroughly before eating
○ Avoiding eating raw fish
○ Using sanitary toilet for disposal of human waste
■ Dont shit where you eat

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26
Q

Hookworms are: (3)

A

Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus,
Ancylostoma ceylanicum

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27
Q

Soil-transmitted helminth; Intestinal nematode

A

THE HOOKWORMS

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28
Q

A disease of impoverished people in tropical and subtropical
areas

A

THE HOOKWORMS

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29
Q

Disease Manifestation: THE HOOKWORMS

A

● Chronic&raquo_space; Iron Deficiency Anemia
● Ground itch and other forms of dermatitis
● Wakana disease and hookworm pneumonitis

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30
Q

Etiology: THE HOOKWORMS

A

Ancylostoma duodenale

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31
Q

Old World Hookworm

A

Ancylostoma duodenale

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32
Q

Can cause cutaneous larva migrans

A

Ancylostoma duodenale

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33
Q

Focally endemic in the Mediterranean region, in some
parts of Africa, China and India, c

A

Ancylostoma duodenale

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34
Q

Most common globally hookworm

A

Necator americanus (New World Hookworm)

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35
Q

(1913; canine and feline but is now a
significant agent of zoonotic hookworm infection in humans; re-emerging)

A

Ancylostoma ceylanicum

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36
Q

are crucial determinants of hookworm
prevalence

A

Climate and soil structure

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37
Q

definitive hosts: N. americanus & A.duodonale:

A

humans

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38
Q

definitive hosts: A. ceylanicum:

A

Humans, dogs and cats

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39
Q

definitive hosts: Ancylostoma braziliense & A caninum

A

Dogs and cats
■ Humans are incidental hosts

40
Q

hookworm mode of transmission

A

By walking barefoot on contaminated soil
○ Through the ingestion of larvae.

41
Q

hookworm: Infective Stage

A

Filariform larva

42
Q

hookworm: Diagnostic Stage:

A

Eggs in feces

43
Q

egg morphology; The eggs of (2) cannot be differentiated
microscopically.

A

Ancylostoma and Necator

44
Q

Can’t see 2 layers because the eggs are thin-shelled, colorless
and measure 60-75 um by 35-40 um.

A

Ancylostoma and Necator

45
Q

They characteristically have a clear space between the developing
embryo and the thin eggshell

A

hookworms

46
Q

The eggs are usually in the early cleavage stage when passed in the
stoolt

A

hookworms

47
Q

larvae that hatch from
eggs are 250-300 um long and approximately
15-20 um wide.

A

RHABDITIFORM LARVAE

48
Q

Long buccal canal

A

RHABDITIFORM LARVAE

49
Q

Inconspicuous genital primordium

A

RHABDITIFORM LARVAE

50
Q

Not found in stool, if found it is likely the L1
larvae of Stronglyloides stercoralis.

A

RHABDITIFORM LARVAE

51
Q

Infective, third-stage (L3), filariform larvae
are 500-700 pm long.

A

FILARIFORM LARVAE

52
Q

They have a pointed tail and are ensheathed,
with about a 1:2 ratio in length of esophagus
to intestine.

A

FILARIFORM LARVAE

53
Q

Develop within 5 to 8 days and may remain
viable in the soil for several weeks.

A

FILARIFORM LARVAE

54
Q

How do they infect hookworms

A

Once they enter the blood stream, they can go to different
regions and be stuck there.

55
Q

? has cutting plates, ? has

teeth

A

necator, anclysyostoma

56
Q

Pinworm ends

A

adult worm hookworm

57
Q

The ponty end are replaced by ? on
posterior end of hookworms

A

bursa

58
Q

Has a role in sexual reproduction

A

bursa

59
Q

Only the male has this hookworm ha sthis

A

bursa

60
Q
  • ACCIDENTAL entry of these hookworms to humans
  • Penetrate the skin, subtle irritation
  • Because humans are not the definitive hosts, they got stuck in
    the epidermis causing exfoliation
A

A CASE OF EXTRAINTESTINAL HOOKWORM RELATED TO
CUTANEOUS LARVA MIGRANS

61
Q

hookworm treatment

A

○ Tebendazole and albendazole
○ Cutaneous larvae migrans -oral albendazole or ivermectin.
○ Coadministration of deworming and iron supplementation
has a greater impact on anemia, blood transfusion may be
warranted.

62
Q

hookworm prevention

A

Improving sanitation in resource poor areas
○ Public Health Campaign (deworming)
○ Changing agricultural practices that rely on human feces for
fertilization of crops could dramatically help reduce the
widespread distribution of hookworm in soils

63
Q

Soil-transmitted helminth; Intestinal nematode

A

STRONGYLOIDES

64
Q

Soil-transmitted helminth; Intestinal nematode

A

STRONGYLOIDES

65
Q

Soil-transmitted helminth; Intestinal nematode etiology

A

Strongyloides stercoralis (less ammon) Strongyloides
fülleborni

66
Q

STRONGYLOIDES common name

A

threadworm

67
Q

STRONGYLOIDES hosts definitive

A

Man
○ Dogs (in few cases)

68
Q

STRONGYLOIDES MOT

A

By walking barefoot on contaminated soil
○ Through the ingestion of larvae.

69
Q

STRONGYLOIDES Infective Stage:

A

Filariform larva

70
Q

STRONGYLOIDES Diagnostic Stage:

A

Rhabditiform larvae

71
Q

STRONGYLOIDES size

A

Average, 48 by 35 um

72
Q

STRONGYLOIDES typical growth place

A

Contains well-developed larvae

73
Q

STRONGYLOIDES Embryonic cleavage:

A

Two-, four-, or eight-cell
stage, when present

74
Q

STRONGYLOIDES Shell

A

Thin, hyaline

75
Q

Hatch almost immediately from partially
embryonated eggs in the intestinal mucosa of
the host;

A

Rhabditiform Larva

76
Q

Found more frequently in fresh feces than egg
form

A

Rhabditiform Larva

77
Q

Filiform larva average length

A

690 um

78
Q

Filiform larva Length of esophagus:

A

Long

79
Q

Filiform larva Tail:

A

notched

80
Q

2 by 0.4 mm

A

Adult form STRONGYLOIDES

81
Q

Colorless,transparent body, finelt striated
cuticle, short buccal cavity, long and slender
esophagus

A

Adult form STRONGYLOIDES

82
Q

STRONGYLOIDES laboratory diagnosis

A

Non-specific - increased eosinophilia and IgE

83
Q

STRONGYLOIDES molecular

A

SLAMP; PCR

84
Q

STRONGYLOIDES treatment

A

The treatment for a threadworm infection is ivermectin with
albendazole as an alternative.

85
Q

STRONGYLOIDES prevention and control

A

○ In addition to proper handling and disposal of fecal material
and
○ Adequate protection of the skin from contaminated soil,
○ Prompt and thorough treatment of infected persons is
essential, especially to stop or prevent autoinfections.

86
Q

The Intestinal/Tissue nematode - smallest known parasitic
nematode to humans.

A

TRICHINELLOSIS

87
Q

found worldwide, particularly in members of the
meat-eating population; occurs more frequently in raw garbage
containing pork scraps.

A

TRICHINELLOSIS

88
Q

common sylvatic life cycle seen in temperate
zone and in the African tropics arctic life cycle - some strains

A

TRICHINELLOSIS

89
Q

TRICHINELLOSIS etilogy

A

Trichinella spiralis

90
Q

TRICHINELLOSIS common name

A

Trichina worm

91
Q

2 clades based on whether or not the host encapsulates the larvae
while they are developing within muscle cells

A

TRICHINELLOSIS/TRICHINOSIS

92
Q

TRICHINELLOSIS/TRICHINOSIS hostas definitive

A

Man (Because humans are not the traditional
hosts, completion of the T. spiralis life cycle does not occur and the cycle ceases with the encystation of the larvae ;
Omnivores/carnivores

93
Q

TRICHINELLOSIS/TRICHINOSIS Mode of transmission:

A

Eating contaminated raw pork, raw meat
and meat derived products

94
Q

TRICHINELLOSIS/TRICHINOSIS Infective Stage:

A

Encysted larvae in striated muscle from
undercooked meat

95
Q

TRICHINELLOSIS/TRICHINOSIS Diagnostic Stage:

A

Encysted larva in striated muscle

96
Q

TRICHINELLOSIS/TRICHINOSIS TREATMENT AND PREVENTION

A

● Treatment with analgesics and corticosteroids merely relieves the
symptoms of trichinosis.
● Education of the consumer about the risk of consumption of raw or
semiraw meat and meat products from both domestic animals that
can be carriers of the parasite.
● Farming of pigs in modern, industrialized pigsties under strict
veteriniary controls
● Proper food preservation

MP LAB (9 decks)

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