4. Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What are the major parts of the heart? (5

Answer 1

Ventricle, Septum, Atrium, Valves, and Aorta

Question 2

Ventricles

Answer 2

pump blood to other places

Question 3

Septum

Answer 3

separates the left and right sides of the heart

Question 4

Atriums

Answer 4

receiving chambers (where blood comes in)

Question 5

Valves

Answer 5

make sure blood flows in the right direction

Question 6

Aorta

Answer 6

largest artery in the body

Question 7

Describe how your heart beats?

Answer 7

• the heart contracts when it pumps blood into the body (relaxes as chamber fills up)
• SA node creates electricity that makes your heart beat
• AV node accepts electricity from SA note and forms a bridge between atria and ventricles

Question 8

What are the major signals in your heart?

Answer 8

S-A node (pacemaker) and A-V node (bridge)

Question 9

S-A node

Answer 9

• pacemaker

- creates electricity that makes your heart beat

Question 10

A-V node

Answer 10

• bridge between atria and ventricles

- the receptor of electricity from the S-A node

Question 11

How do pacemaker and contractile cells differ?

Answer 11

• Pacemaker cells are AUTO RHYTHMIC (unstable resting membrane)
• Contractile cells are MYOCARDIAL (stable resting membrane)
• Pacemaker cells cause contractile cells to raise their action potential

Question 12

What is the heart rate set by the SA node?

Answer 12

100 bpm

Question 13

How does the autonomic nervous system affect heart rate?

Answer 13

• Parasympathetic (rest and digest) slows it down

- Sympathetic (fight or flight) speeds it up

Question 14

Arteries

Answer 14

• left side
• carry oxygen to the body and are narrow
• narrow lumen (tunnel) to create high pressure

Question 15

Arterioles

Answer 15

• smaller extensions of arteries

- provide oxygen to organ tissue

Question 16

Veins

Answer 16

• right side

- carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart

Question 17

Capillaries

Answer 17

• smaller extension of arterioles
• only thick enough to fit one blood cell at a time
• spread in between cells
  allows for easy diffusion of nutrients because they have thin walls

Question 18

Blood Vessels

Answer 18

• left side arteries
• right side veins
• refer to study guide for structure pg 5

Question 19

What is Vasodilation?

Answer 19

• widening of blood vessels to deal with changes in pressure
• nitric oxide acts on the smooth muscle causing it to relax
• causes increase in vessel size

Question 20

Where does the heart’s blood supply come from?

Answer 20

• the bone marrow

- cells in the bone marrow make blood cells

Question 21

What is a heart murmur?

Answer 21

An abnormal sound from your heart made by narrowing or leaking of valves