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Suppe > 4 Automatic Flight > Flashcards

4 Automatic Flight Flashcards

1
Q

The automatic flight control system consist of:

A
  • AFDS (Autopilot Flight Director System)
  • A/T (Auto Throttle)
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2
Q

The AFDS consists of:

A
  • 3 FCC’s (Flight Control Computer)
  • The MCP (Mode Control Panel)
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3
Q

How does the Flight Control Computers operate the flight controls?

A

Each FCC control separate hydraulically powered autopilot control servos to operate flight controls.

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4
Q

During normal operation the Flight Control Computers only operates:

A

The ailerons and elevators.

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5
Q

Does the Flight Control Computers operate the rudder during normal operation?

A

No, the FCC’s operate only the rudder during multiple autopilot approach.

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6
Q

When does the Flight Control Computers operate the nose wheel steering?

A

During rollout from an automatic landing.

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7
Q

Is the 3 Flight Control Computers powered by the same power source?

A

No. With all three autopilots engaged, separate
electrical sources power the three FCCs.

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8
Q

After localizer and glideslope capture, the localizer and glideslope modes can
only be deactivated by:

A

Disengaging the autopilot and turning both flight directors
off or by selecting GA mode.

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9
Q

All parameters can be preselected before autopilot and/or flight director engagement, except?

A

Vertical speed

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10
Q

Before the autopilot can be engaged. It requires:

A

At least two FCCs and pushing one of the MCP autopilot engage switches.

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11
Q

AUTOPILOT DISC means?

A

The autopilot has been manually or automatically
disconnected.

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12
Q

The autopilot can be disengaged by:

A

Through either control wheel autopilot disengage switches or by the MCP autopilot disengage bar.

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13
Q

During autopilot operation, failures affecting the active mode annunciate on the
FMA. If the failure affects only the active mode:

A
  • The autopilot remains engaged in an attitude stabilizing mode.
  • An amber line is drawn through the mode annunciation.
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14
Q

Can the flight directors be displayed when the related flight director switch
is OFF? If so how?

A

If the go–around switch is pushed, the airspeed is greater than 80 knots and
the flaps are not retracted.

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15
Q

Regarding the flight director steering bars. How would a failure in either pitch or roll be displayed?

A

The respective steering bars
will disappear.

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16
Q

Failure of the left FCC when the left or center autopilot is engaged in LNAV/VNAV blanks both flight directors. How do you restore the FD’s and maintain system redundancy?

A

Select the center FCC on the left
FLT DIR source selector and engage the right autopilot.

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17
Q

With a LAND 3 indication, the autopilot system level of redundancy is such:

A

That a single fault cannot prevent the autopilot system from making an automatic
landing (fail operational).

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18
Q

With a LAND 2 indication, the level of redundancy is such:

A

That a single fault
cannot cause a significant deviation from the flight path (fail passive).

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19
Q

Autoland Status Annunciators (ASA) LAND 3 means?

A

Three autopilots engaged and operating normally for an
automatic landing.

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20
Q

Autoland Status Annunciators (ASA) LAND 2 means?

A

AFDS redundancy reduced, in some cases only two
autopilots available.

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21
Q

Autoland Status Annunciators (ASA) NO LAND 3 means?

A

Indicates a fault condition exists which results in a
LAND 2 condition.

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22
Q

Autoland Status Annunciators (ASA) NO AUTOLND means?

A

AFDS unable to make an automatic landing.

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23
Q

Below “____” feet radio altitude the ASA display cannot change except to indicate a
“__________” condition. Faults not requiring immediate crew action or awareness are annunciated after touchdown.

A

“200” and “NO AUTOLND”

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24
Q

Which flight mode annunciations are displayed on the ADI?

A
  • Autothrottle
  • Pitch
  • Roll
  • AFDS status
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25
Q

Flight Mode Annunciations. Active modes are displayed how:

A

In green letters

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26
Q

Flight Mode Annunciations. When a mode changes the new active mode is displayed how?

A

It is highlighted with a green rectangle around it for several seconds.

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27
Q

Flight Mode Annunciations. Armed modes are displayed how:

A

In smaller white letters

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28
Q

Autothrottle annunciation SPD means?

A

Autothrottle controlling thrust to maintain speed selected in
IAS/Mach or, if VNAV engaged, the speed as programmed by the FMC.

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29
Q

Autothrottle annunciation IDLE means?

A

Autothrottle is reducing or has reduced thrust to flight idle. It
may engage in a VNAV descent. It will, after FLARE is engaged.

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30
Q

Autothrottle annunciation THR HLD means?

A

Thrust levers remain in existing position or where manually
placed.

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31
Q

Autothrottle annunciation GA means?

A

Autothrottle controlling to a maximum reference thrust with
adjustment, as necessary, to maintain a climb rate of 2000 fpm. If both flight directors and the autopilot are off, autothrottle controls to GA
reference thrust subject to flap and VMO limit speeds

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32
Q

Roll annunciation LNAV means?

A

Arm LNAV by pushing the L NAV switch. The light illuminates and LNAV annunciates on the FMA roll mode annunciator in white characters below the
current roll mode.

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33
Q

Roll annunciation B/CRS means?

A
  • B/CRS (armed) – AFDS is armed to capture and track inbound on
    backcourse of localizer after localizer capture.
  • B/CRS (active) – AFDS tracks inbound on backcourse of localizer.
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34
Q

Roll annunciation TO means?

A
  • On the ground, TO annunciates by selecting either F/D switch ON when both flight directors are OFF.
  • TO roll and pitch guidance become active at lift–off.
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35
Q

Roll annunciation GA means?

A
  • In flight, go–around arms with flaps out of up or at glideslope capture.
  • GA is activated in flight by pushing a GA switch with GA armed. The roll steering
    indication provides guidance to maintain the ground track present at mode engagement.
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36
Q

Roll annunciation ROLLOUT means?

A
  • ROLLOUT (armed) – displays below 1500 feet radio altitude and activates below 5 feet.
  • ROLLOUT (active) – after touchdown, AFDS uses rudder and nosewheel steering to steer the airplane on the localizer centerline.
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37
Q

Pitch annunciation TO means?

A

On the ground, TO annunciates by selecting either F/D switch ON when both flight directors are OFF. The flight director pitch bar indicates an initial pitch of
approximately eight degrees up.

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38
Q

After takeoff, the AFDS commands a pitch attitude to maintain:

A
  • Pitch command greater of V2 + 15 knots or liftoff speed + 15
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39
Q

Pitch annunciation GA means?

A

Go-around arms and the reference thrust limit changes to GA when flaps are out
of up or glideslope is captured.

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40
Q

When a go–around is initiated, the commanded speed is:

A

The MCP IAS/Mach
window or current airspeed, whichever is higher.

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41
Q

During a go-around, if the airspeed increases and
remains above the initial target airspeed for five seconds:

A

Target airspeed resets to
current airspeed to a maximum of the IAS/MACH window speed plus 25 knots.

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42
Q

If airspeed at initiation of go–around is greater than IAS/Mach window plus 25
knots:

A

That speed is maintained.

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43
Q

After takeoff the AFDS commands a pitch attitude to maintain which airspeed if current airspeed remains above the target speed for 5 seconds?

A

Target airspeed resets to current airspeed, to a maximum of V2 + 25 knots.

44
Q

After takeoff the AFDS commands a pitch attitude to maintain which airspeed if the IAS/MACH window speed is changed to a speed greater than the target speed?

A

IAS/MACH window speed

45
Q

Pitch annunciation VNAV means?

A

Arm VNAV by pushing the VNAV switch. The light illuminates and VNAV annunciates on the FMA pitch mode annunciator in white characters below the
current pitch mode.

46
Q

Pitch annunciation V/S means?

A

Pushing the V/S switch opens the vertical speed window and displays the current
vertical speed. It also opens the IAS/MACH window (if blanked). Pitch commands maintain the rate of climb or descent selected in the V/S window.

47
Q

Roll annunciation HDG SEL means?

A

Airplane turns to or maintains the heading selected in the MCP heading window.

48
Q

Roll annunciation HDG HOLD means?

A

AFDS holds present heading. When turning, AFDS holds the heading reached after rolling wings level.

49
Q

Roll annunciation LOC means?

A
  • LOC (armed) – AFDS captures the localizer when within range and within 120 degrees of the localizer course
  • LOC (active) – AFDS follows the localizer course.
50
Q

Pitch annunciation SPD means?

A

Pushing the SPD switch opens the IAS/MACH window (if blanked). Pitch commands maintain IAS/MACH window airspeed or Mach.

51
Q

Pitch annunciation ALT CAP means?

A

A transition maneuver entered automatically from a V/S, FLCH, or VNAV climb or descent to selected MCP altitude. Engages but does not annunciate during
VNAV transition.

52
Q

Pitch annunciation ALT HOLD means?

A

Altitude hold mode is activated by:
- pushing the MCP altitude HOLD switch, or
- capturing the selected altitude from a V/S or FLCH climb or descent.

53
Q

Pitch annunciation G/S means?

A

Autopilot flight director system follows the ILS glideslope.

54
Q

Pitch annunciation FLARE (armed) means?

A

During autoland, FLARE displays below 1500 feet radio altitude.

55
Q

Pitch annunciation FLARE (active) means?

A

During autoland, flare activates at 50 feet radio altitude.
FLARE deactivates at touchdown and the nosewheel smoothly lowers to the runway.

56
Q

How does the autothrottle
adjusts thrust when airspeed increases or decreases?

A
  • Quickly when the airspeed decreases below the command speed.
  • Slowly when the airspeed is more than the command
    speed.
57
Q

The autothrottle can be used without using:

A

The flight director or the autopilot.

58
Q

Autothrottle mode and speed selection is controlled from:

A

The MCP and the thrust
mode select panel (TMSP).

59
Q

The thrust management computer (TMC) controls the autothrottle system through:

A

Manual inputs from the MCP or automatically from the FMCs while VNAV is engaged.

60
Q

The 3 basic thrust management computer (TMC) functions are to:

A
  • Calculate thrust limits and settings or follow FMC thrust settings
  • Detect and transmit autothrottle failures
  • Actuate the thrust levers
61
Q

With the autothrottle engaged you move the throttles. What happens when you release the throttle levers?

A

The autothrottle repositions the thrust levers to comply with the engaged mode, except while in THR HOLD mode.

62
Q

The autothrottle system can be disconnected manually by:

A

By positioning the A/T arm
switch to OFF or by pushing either thrust lever A/T disconnect switch.

63
Q

Autothrottle disconnect occurs automatically if:

A
  • A fault in the active autothrottle mode is detected.
  • When a reverse thrust lever is raised to reverse idle.
64
Q

AUTOTHROT DISC means?

A

The autothrottle has
disconnected.

65
Q

AUTOPILOT means?

A

The engaged autopilot
is operating in a degraded mode. Engaged roll and/or
pitch mode may have failed.

66
Q

During takeoff which changes in the FMA is espected at 80 KIAS?

A

Auto throttle mode changes from N1 to THR HLD.

67
Q

During takeoff the pitch is commanded to?

A

8 degrees.

68
Q

At liftoff the pitch is commanded to?

A

Greater of V2 +15 or Liftoff speed +15

69
Q

If an engine failure occurs on the ground. At liftoff the pitch is commanded to?

A

Grater of V2 or Liftoff speed

70
Q

If an engine failure occurs after liftoff. The pitch is commanded to?

A
  • V2, if airspeed is below V2
  • Existing speed, if airspeed is btween V2 and V2 +15
  • V2 +15 if airspeed is above V2 +15
71
Q

If thrust is derated during takeoff, how can you cancel the derated thrust?

A

Pushing the GA switch. The A/T remains in THR HLD.

72
Q

During altitude capture with a single autopilot operation, you have to be aware of?

A

During altitude capture,
there may be insufficient elevator authority and stabilizer trim rate to counteract pitch down, caused by the
combination of thrust reduction, flap retraction and aft c.g.

73
Q

Altitude capture from a climb that includes a significant airspeed increase or thrust reduction may result in?

A

The autopilot descending away
from the selected altitude in an attempt to increase the airspeed.

74
Q

Pushing the APP switch does what to the roll and pitch modes?

A

Arms localizer in the roll mode and glideslope in the pitch
mode.

75
Q

What happens to the autopilots when pushing the APP switch?

A

With an autopilot engaged, the remaining two autopilots
automatically arm for a multiple autopilot approach.

76
Q

With LOC armed, what is the maximum intercept angle?

A

120 degrees.

77
Q

Descent on the localizer can be accomplished using:

A

VNAV, FLCH, or V/S pitch modes.

78
Q

All nonprecision approaches except localizer approach can be flown using?

A

LNAV and VNAV modes, or HDG
SEL or V/S modes.

79
Q

When autopilot control of the rudder is active, what will be shown to the pilots?

A

LAND 3 or LAND 2 annunciated.

80
Q

AFDS controls rudder during multiple autopilot ILS approaches to:

A

compensate for engine–out asymmetric thrust conditions during an ILS approach.

81
Q

The runway align submode is actuated at:

A

500 feet radio altitude with LAND 3 or LAND 2 annunciated.

82
Q

The runway align submode will initiate a slip when the crab angle exceeds:

A

5 degrees. (Maximum bank angle of 2 degrees)

83
Q

The runway align submode will in some cases land with a slip. When will the wings be leveling out again?

A

It is initiated when the ROLLOUT mode is engaged.

84
Q

What happens to the rudder if the autopilots are disengaged, manually or automatically, in an asymmetric thrust condition with rudder control active?

A

the rudder moves to the trimmed position. The pilot may need to exert rudder pedal force to maintain a smooth
transition to manual flying.

85
Q

When does FLARE get armed during an approach?

A

When LAND 3 or LAND 2 annunciates.

86
Q

When does the autopilots start the flare maneuver?

A

At approximately 50 feet radio altitude.

87
Q

When does the autothrottle retards thrust levers to idle during autoland?

A

At 15 feet radio altitude.

88
Q

When does the autopilots start lowering nose wheel to the runway during autoland?

A

At five feet radio altitude
plus two seconds with pitch attitude less than two degrees.

89
Q

During an approach with LAND 2 annunciated what happens at 100 feet radio altitude?

A

An increment of nose up trim is automatically applied for flare.

90
Q

When does ROLLOUT get armed during an approach?

A

When LAND 3 or LAND 2 annunciates.

91
Q

When does the rollout activate during autoland?

A

At approximately five feet radio altitude.

92
Q

How does the rollout mode keep the airplane on
the localizer centerline?

A

The autopilot controls the rudder and nose wheel steering.

93
Q

G/A i armed during approach. When does it become unarmed?

A

GA remains armed
until two seconds after five feet radio altitude.

94
Q

What happens if the airplane is floating within five feet radio altitude for more than two seconds when the GA switch is pushed?

A

The autopilot pitch mode will remain in FLARE and the autothrottle go–around mode will engage.

95
Q

What happens if the airplane is on the ground but has been below five feet radio altitude for less than two seconds when the GA switch is pushed?

A

The autopilot GA pitch mode will
engage but the A/T mode will remain IDLE.

96
Q

GA switches are pushed during reverse thrust operation. What will happen?

A

Nothing. The GA switches are interlocked with the thrust reversers to prevent go–around mode engagement.

97
Q

During GA the AFDS increases pitch to hold which speed?

A

The existing speed or the selected MCP speed, whichever is higher, as thrust increases.

98
Q

During GA the autothrottle increases thrust to maintain a climb rate of?

A

2000 fpm.

99
Q

GA Mode can be terminated below 400 feet radio altitude by:

A
  • If flap setting is 25 or 30, autothrottle remains in GA mode unless disengaged
  • Disengaged autopilot and turn off both flight directors.
100
Q

GA Mode can be terminated above 400 feet radio altitude by:

A

Selecting a different roll or pitch mode; all autopilots, except first in CMD, disengage.

101
Q

The windshear recovery guidence will command a pitch–up of?

A

15 degrees or slightly below the pitch limit, whichever
is lower.

102
Q

The AFDS and the TMC automatically monitors certain limits in all modes except?

A

V/S pitch.

103
Q

FLAP LIM means?

A

Flap placards speeds limited.
Is displayed when a speed limit is approached and the MCP selected speed or FMC target speed is set to exceed a limit.

104
Q

ALPHA means?

A

Airplane maximum angle of attack limited.
Is displayed when a speed limit is approached and the MCP selected speed or FMC target speed is set to exceed a limit.

105
Q

SPD LIM means?

A

Maximum speed limited.
Is displayed when a speed limit is approached and the MCP selected speed or FMC target speed is set to exceed a limit.

106
Q

If a limit mode is displayed what happens with the current selected reference speed?

A

When the limit mode is
displayed, the limit speed becomes the reference speed for the autothrottle and
AFDS.

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