4-Attitudes To Empire ✔️

Question 1

Tell me about David Livingstone
(Explorer)

Answer 1

-first European to cross from east to west of Africa
-Discovered Victoria falls, Zambezi river and many other central African lakes
-published ‘missionary travels’
-1858 British government funded him an expedition along the Zambezi river- sent 2,000 letters home

Question 2

Tell me about John Kirk (explorer)

Answer 2

-Wanted to abolish the slave trade in Zanzibar- succeeded
-went on Livingstone’s expedition to find natural resources along the Zambezi river in 1858
-collected many aquatic specimens, notably mussels which he sent back to britan and wrote about

Question 3

Tell me about Burton (explorer)

Answer 3

-wrote 43 books on his travels and brought eastern ideas to the western world
-produced 30 volumes of translations including the kama sutra(1883)
-had became famous in the 1850s for his stories of Muslim life and manners based on his visits to sacred Islamic cities such as mecca where no western Christian had gone before

Question 4

Tell me about John speke (explorer)

Answer 4

-worked alongside and in competition with Burton-the pair had many public disputes
-discovered the source of the Nile
-mapped parts of lake Victoria
-accounts of these explorations were published in 1863 and 1864

Question 5

Tell me about Cecil Rhodes (trader)

Answer 5

-kitchen (1996) said he was ‘the worst type of monopolizing imperialist’
-owned all diamond mines in south Africa
-forced indigenous people from their lands to make way for industrial development and wielded political power in SA
-one of the prime movers behind British expansion in SA
-invested in fruit growing- this began modern day cape fruit industry
-became prime minister of the Cape colony from 1890-1896

Question 6

Tell me about sir William MacKinnon (trader)

Answer 6

-1856 he founded the calcutta and Burma steam navigation company, this became the British India steam navigation company- grew into a huge business trading across the world

Question 7

Tell me about George Goldie (trader)

Answer 7

-traded palm oil in Niger (it replaced slaves as the main export in the region)
-he formed the central African trading company in 1879
-1879 he pursauded all British trading firms working on the Niger river to join forces with his firm, the united African company which controlled 30 trading posts
-established coffee and cocoa plantations reflecting a growing trend in drinking chocolate and the emergence of the chocolate bar

Question 8

Tell me about Sir Evelyn Baring ( colonial administeator)

Answer 8

-was arrogant and patronizing- led his colleagues to nick name him ‘over-baring’
-inflexible and condescending towards those he deemed inferior
-approved the Dufferin report which established an Egyptian puppet parliament

Question 9

Tell me about Battle Frere (colonial administrator)

Answer 9

-his role in the crushing of the Indian rebellion in 1857 won him. Knighthood
-he deliberately provoked a war with the Zulus- unexpected defeat of British forces by Zulus- and high cost of the war led to embarrassment