12- Relations With Indigenous Peoples✔️ Flashcards
Challenges to British rule
-british rule met with frequent challenges from indigenous people
-british forced to fight to maintain and consolidate their dominance in some parts of the empire- especially in areas of Africa
-sometines the resistance came in forms of political action and protest- mainly in India where nationalist campaign grew in 1914
-all these challenges to empire came at a cost to britan in terms of money, time, attention and pride
Challenges in india
-1890s, political opposition to British rule grew amongst the educated Indian professional classes - eg in the growth of nationalist newspapers
-Bal Tilak, editor of kesari, was imprisoned for stirring up hostility
Second Boer war background
-1899- 1902
-between the British Empire and two Boer states, the South African Republic and the Orange Free State
- was over the Empire’s influence in South Africa.
-The conflict saw the first use of guerrilla warfare tactics and was marked by a high number of casualties on both sides, including many civilians.
-The war ended with a British victory and the annexation of the Boer states into the British Empire.
Second Boer war causes
-tensions between the British and Boer settlers over land and resources
-the discovery of gold and diamonds in the Boer states,
-British desire to expand their influence in South Africa.
-The war was also fueled by political and cultural differences between the two sides, as well as a sense of nationalism and resistance to foreign rule among the Boers.
What happened at the second boer war?
-The war began with a series of British military campaigns aimed at securing control of the Boer states and their mineral resources.
-However, the Boers were able to resist the British advances and launch effective guerrilla warfare campaigns, which led to a prolonged and bloody conflict.
- The war was marked by a number of atrocities committed by both sides, including the use of concentration camps by the British and the scorched earth policy used by the Boers.
-The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Vereeniging, which saw the Boer states become part of the British Empire.
Consequences of the second boer war
In the short term, the war led to the annexation of the Boer states, which became part of the British Empire.
-The war also saw the establishment of concentration camps by the British, which led to the deaths of thousands of Boer women and children.
-In the long term, the war helped to shape the political landscape of South Africa, as it led to the establishment of a racially segregated society and the eventual rise of apartheid.
-significant impact on the British Empire, as it marked a turning point in British imperialism and led to increased scrutiny of British military policies and practices.
Challenges in Africa- Somaliland
-mohammed Abdullah Hassan- a Somali religious and military leader aimed to defend somalia from British invasion
-he built up an army of 20,000 men and his forces mounted raids on British Somaliland
-the British weren’t able to suppress him untill 1920, when Ariel bombing was deployed to destroy the dervish strongholds at the cost of thousands of civilian lives
The Sudan
-the sudanese refused to renounce their customs and pay tax by the British
-the new colonial tried to resolve the uprisings by using the death penalty, only led to further resistance
-a total of 33 punitive expeditions were mounted attempting to suppress rebels
-sudanease brutally treated
-many uprisings, each followed by increasingly violent waves of British reprisals
-telegraoh and railway lines were extended to link key areas in northern Sudan
