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MOD > 4 > Flashcards

4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is regeneration?

A

Replacement of dead / damaged cells w differentiated cells

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2
Q

What are labile cells? (+examples)

A

Cells which normal state is Active Cell Division (G1-M-G2)
Rapid prolif

E.g. epithelial / haematopoietic cells

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3
Q

What are stable cells? (+examples)

A

Cells which normal state is Resting State (G0)
Variable regen speed

E.g. hepatocytes / osteoblasts / fibroblasts

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4
Q

What are permanent cells? (+examples)

A

Cells which normal state is Resting State (G0)
Can’t divide (No regen)

E.g. Neurons / cardiac myocytes

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5
Q

Define unipotent cells

A

Cells that prod only one type of differentiated cell

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6
Q

Define multipotent cells

A

Cells that prod several types of differentiated cell

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7
Q

Define totipotent cells

A

Cells that can prod any type of differentiated cell

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8
Q

What are the 3 stages of Fibrous Repair?

A
  1. Cell Migration
  2. Angiogenesis
  3. ECM
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9
Q

What are the 3 types of cell involved in Cell Migration of fibrous repair?

A
  1. Inflamm cells (MAC / Neut: phagocytosis) (MAC / Lymphocytes: Chem. mediators)
  2. Endothelial cells (angiogenesis)
  3. Fibroblasts / Myofibroblasts (make collagen for ECM) (wound contraction)
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10
Q

What is the purpose of Angiogenesis in fibrous repair?

A

Delivers O2 and nutrients

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11
Q

What are are the 7 steps of Angiogenesis in fibrous repair?

A
  1. Endothelial prolif induced by proangiogenic GFs (VEGF)
  2. Blood vessels sprout new vessels
  3. Endothelial proteolysis of BM
  4. Endothelial cell migration (chemotaxis)
  5. Endothelial cell prolif
  6. Endothelial maturation + tubular remodelling
  7. Periendothelial cells recruitment
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12
Q

What is the purpose of the ECM in fibrous repair?

A
  1. Supports / anchors cells
  2. Cell communication
  3. Cell migration
  4. Separates tissue compartments
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13
Q

What are the 4 complications of fibrous repair?

A
  1. Insuff fibrosis (wound dehiscence / herniation / ulceration)
  2. Adhesion formation (blocks tubes)
  3. X function (cirrhosis)
  4. Overprod of scar tissue (tube block / joint contractures - constantly flexed joint)
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14
Q

What does granulation tissue consist of?

A
  1. Dev caps
  2. Fibroblasts / myofibroblasts
  3. Chronic inflamm cells
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15
Q

What is the function of granulation tissue?

A
  1. Fills gap + contracts n closes hole

2. Cap supply O2 / nutrients

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16
Q

How is Type 1 Collagen formed?

A
  1. Polypeptide alpha chains synth in ER of fibroblasts / myofibroblasts
  2. Enzymatic mod steps: (vit C dependant hydroxylation)
  3. Alpha chains align + crosslink –> procollagen triple helix
  4. Soluble procollagen secreted
  5. Procollagen cleaved –> Tropocollagen
  6. Tropocollagen polymerises –> microfibrils –> fibrils
  7. Fibrils –> fibres
  8. Crosslinking –> tensile strength
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17
Q

What causes Scurvy?

A

Lack of vit C (needed for vit C dependant hydroxylation) –> less crosslinking

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18
Q

What happens in Scurvy?

A

X heal wounds
More bleeding
Tooth loss
Old wound reopen

19
Q

Is scurvy acquired or inherited?

A

Acquired

20
Q

What causes Ehlers Danlos?

A

Defective procollagen –> tropocollagen

21
Q

What happens in Ehlers Danlos?

A

Reduced tensile strength
Poor wound healing
Stretchy skin
Hypermobile joints

22
Q

Is Ehlers Danlos acquired or inherited?

A

Inherited

23
Q

What happens in OI?

A 
Reduced bone tissue
Brittle bones (banana leg)
Blue sclerae (eye)
Impaired hearing
Dental abn
24
Q

Is OI acquired or inherited?

A

Inherited

25
Q

What causes Alport Syndrome

A

Abn Type 4 collagen

26
Q

What happens in Alport Syndrome?

A

Impaired ear chochlea and eye lens function

Renal failure

27
Q

Is Alport Syndrome acquired or inherited?

A

Inherited (X-linked so more in males)

28
Q

What wounds heal by Primary Intention?

A

Incised wounds w. apposed (side by side) edges

29
Q

Is there clot/ granulation tissue in Primary Intention?

A

Minimal

30
Q

What happens to the epidermis in Primary Intention?

A

Regen

31
Q

What happens to the dermis in Primary Intention?

A

Fibrous repair

32
Q

What are the risks of Primary Intention?

A

Trapping an infection causing abcess

33
Q

What wounds heal by Secondary Intention?

A

Infarcts / Ulcer / Abcess / Large wounds with unapposed edges

34
Q

What happens to the large clot in Secondary Intention?

A

Dries and becomes scab

35
Q

What happens to the epidermis in Secondary Intention?

A

Regen from base up

36
Q

What are the differences between Primary and Secondary Intention Healing?

A
  1. Secondary prod more granulation tissue
  2. Secondary prod larger scar
  3. Secondary takes longer
37
Q

What are the local factors affecting healing and repair?

A
  1. Size / location of wound
  2. Blood supply
  3. Infection
  4. Foreign material
  5. Radiation damage
38
Q

What are the systemic factors affecting healing and repair?

A
  1. Age
  2. Diet defic (prot. / vit C)
  3. Diabetes / Obesity
  4. CV status
39
Q

How does bone repair?

A

Callus formation

40
Q

How does the CNS repair?

A

No regen capacity

Glial cells prolif –> Gliosis

41
Q

How does the liver repair?

A

Acute damage –> regen

Chronic –> cirrhosis

42
Q

How does Cardiac / Smooth Muscle repair?

A

Permanent tissue so replaced by scar

43
Q

Why does skeletal muscle have limited regen ability?

A

Satellite cells

MOD (9 decks)

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