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Question 1

What are the 4 causes of Acute Inflamm?

Answer 1

1. Microbe infection
2. Phys / Chem agents
3. Tissue necrosis
4. Hypersensitivity

Question 2

What are the 4 clinical features of Acute Inflamm?

Answer 2

Heat
Redness
Swelling
Pain

Question 3

What are the 6 tissue changes in Acute Inflamm?

Answer 3

1. Vasodilation
2. Gaps in endothelium (endothelial cells swell + retract)
3. Exudation (vessels ➡️ leaky) (H2O/Salts/Small plasma prot leak out)
4. Margination (neut adhere to swollen endothelial cells)
5. Emigration (neut migrate thru vessel BM)
6. MAC + Lymphocytes (migrate like neut)

Question 4

What are the 5 roles of neut in Acute Inflamm?

Answer 4

1. Migrate to site of injury site (chemotaxis)
2. Phagocytose + kill microorganisms
3. Eliminate foreign materials + necrotic tissue
4. Prod GF for repair
5. Release toxic metabolites + enzymes ➡️ damage host

Question 5

Which chem mediators cause vasodilation?

Answer 5

Histamine
Prostaglandins
Bradykinin

Question 6

Which chem mediators cause increased vasc perm?

Answer 6

Histamine
Prostaglandins
C5a + C5b

Question 7

Which chem mediators cause neut chemitaxis recruitment+ activation?

Answer 7

C5a

Question 8

Which chem mediators cause phagocytosis?

Answer 8

C3b (opsonins)

Question 9

Which chem mediators cause fever?

Answer 9

Prostaglandins

Question 10

Which chem mediators cause itching / pain?

Answer 10

Prostoglandins

Bradykinin

Question 11

What is the purpose of fluid exudation @ injury?

Answer 11

Delivers plasma prot / iG / inflamm med to injury site
Dilutes toxins
Oedema: increases lymphatic drainage and delivers antigens to immune system

Question 12

What is the purpose of vasodilation @ injury?

Answer 12

Increased delivery and temp

Question 13

What is the purpose of infiltration of inflamm cells @ injury?

Answer 13

X pathogenic organisms n necrotic debris

Question 14

What is the purpose of pain n function loss @ injury?

Answer 14

Enforces rest

Less chance of more damage

Question 15

What are the 4 local complication of Acute Inflamm?

Answer 15

1. Swelling ➡️ Ischaemia
2. Inapprop inflamm (hypersensitivity)
3. Fluid exudation into pericardial space ➡️ tamponade (X heart pumping)
4. Prolonged pain / function loss

Question 16

What are the 4 Systemic conseq of Acute Inflamm?

Answer 16

1. Pyrexia (TNF from MAC / neut act as pyrogenic cytokines on ant hyp ➡️ increased prostaglandin synth)
2. Leucocytosis (increased WCC)
3. Acute Phase Response in Liver (reduced prot synth)
4. Shock (circ spread bc microorganisms n toxins spread)

Question 17

What are the 4 sequelae of Acute Inflamm?

Answer 17

1. Resolution Mediators (damaged cells regen)
2. Suppuration (excess exudation) (pus / abcess formation)
3. Chronic Inflamm (w fibrous repair) (scarring)
4. Death