4/22/14

Question 1

What are the three factors that will affect diffusion?

Answer 1

temperature

nature of the bilogical molecule and nature of medium

Question 2

ectotherms are diffusion limited and is this worse in water or air?

Answer 2

water

Question 3

WHat was the evolutionary force for going out of the water?

Answer 3

free oxygen

Question 4

Water is very dense and very viscous and takes a lot more time to diffuse stuff through.

Answer 4

true

Question 5

What is the difference between a a gill and a lung?

Answer 5

How it is formed:

if it is invagination=lung
if it is evagination=gill

Question 6

How is the efficiency of the respiratory system determined? What is this also called?

Answer 6

ratio: (initial O2-final O2)/initial

percent utilization

Question 7

What is the human percent utilization?

Answer 7

5-7%

Question 8

less oxygen in water than air?

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

How does oxygen move?

Answer 9

from a low concentration to high concentration in the same medium. In different mediums oxygen moves in a way we dont know.

Question 10

Membranes in the lung are extremely thin. how does this compare to the skin of amphibians?

Answer 10

amphibian skin must be a happy medium they have thinner skin to allow oxygen diffusing but a little rugged for protection but they have a lung too.

Question 11

Amphibians are bi motile breathers why?

Answer 11

they have two most of respiration the skin surface and heart

Question 12

Where is convection found in human membranes?

Answer 12

on both sides of the membrane-ventilation and circulation

Question 13

What does convection in both directions allow?

Answer 13

greatly enhances the uptake of oxygen

Question 14

What does the water form around thing?

Answer 14

a boundary layer

Question 15

What is the ventilation perfusion ratio?

Answer 15

It is extremely wasteful to send more O2 across the membrane than can be picked up by the blood likewise equally wasteful to send more blood than oxygen can pick up

Question 16

All animals match ventilation to perfusion?

Answer 16

yes

Question 17

WHat influences perfusion rate?

Answer 17

respiratory medium
temperature
if and what type of respiratory pigment

Question 18

what determines the Vq ratio?

Answer 18

respiratory medium
temperature if ectotherm
if and what type of respiratory pigment

Question 19

What is the Vq ratio in humans? fish?

Answer 19

1: 1
1: 35

Question 20

fish have a higher what to what?

Answer 20

fish have higher perfusion

Question 21

what is the simpliest system in regards to oxygen respiration?

Answer 21

cutaneous skin in amphbians

Question 22

What is the mpst efficient respiration system?

Answer 22

fish gills

Question 23

Whay are fish gills very efficient?

Answer 23

They use counter current flow There is a continuous gradient

Question 24

Mammal lungs have enormous what?

Answer 24

surface area

Question 25

The lung of the bird is highly ornate has a series of gas sacs and by using the gas sacs the birds get what?

Answer 25

one way flow of air across the lungs

Question 26

Pair of bronchi in the lungs run from one bronchi to the other and they have little cracks what are the cracks?

Answer 26

air capillaries and that increases the surface area.

Question 27

What animal has cross current flow?

Answer 27

birds

Question 28

Gas exchange across the peribronchous detrmine what in birds?

Answer 28

how much oxygen they get

Question 29

Birds efficiency is about 65-75% and why do they need this?

Answer 29

They fly in high altitudes

Question 30

What accessory structures can use use with regards to respiration?

Answer 30

integument system/body surface
augmented cutaneous surface
gills

Question 31

what is the aquatice water breather that uses a lung?

Answer 31

holothrodians-sea cucumbers

Question 32

WHat do the insects use to breathe?

Answer 32

trachaea and trachael gill-bubble of gas and must renew it

Question 33

what is pastron respiration

Answer 33

used by certain species of beetles and it is an incompressible bubble-bubble is under the plastron and bubble doesn’t change size and any drop in o2 diffusion happen faster