Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P 1 - Unit 1 > 4-1. Tissues > Flashcards

4-1. Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

tissue (define)

A

similar cells with a common function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

histology

A

study of tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the four main tissue types?

A

epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Epithelial tissue (define)

A

sheets of tightly packed cells covering a body surface or lining a body cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are four characteristics of epithelial tissue?

A

polarity (have an apical surface exposed to exterior and a lower basal surface)

supported by connective tissue (rest on connective tissue - layer of ECM between them is the basement membrane)

avascular but innervated

regeneration (continue to divide by mitosis to replace old cells damaged or lost)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the classifications of epithelia?

A

two names - first name indicates number of cell layer sand second name describes shape of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

simple epithelia

A

one layer of cells, found in areas with minimal wear and tear, specialized for absorbtion or filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

stratified epithelia

A

cells stacked in several layers, found in areas with high wear and tear, specialized for protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

squamos

A

flat, scale like cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cuboidal

A

box like cells as tall as wide, large round nucleus in middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

columnar

A

tall, long, thin cells with oval nucleus at one end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

simple squamos epithelium

A

F: allows passage of materials by diffusion or filtration quickly

L: air sacs of lungs, lining of heart and blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium

A

F: secretion and absorbtion

L kidney tubuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

simple columnar epithelium

A

F: absorbtion, secretion of mucus and enzymes

L: lines most of digestive tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

pseudo stratified columnar epithelium

A

F: secretion of mucus

L: trachea, most of upper respitory tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

stratified squamos epithelium

A

F: protection

L: epidermis of skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

transitional epithelium

A

F: allows stretch when full of urine

L: lines the ureters, bladder and part of urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

blandular epithelium

A

highly specified to secrete substances; exocrine and endocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

exocrine

A

glands secrete products into duct that empty onto the skin or in the lumen of a hollow organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

endocrine

A

secrete hormones direclty into the blood, are ductless

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are some examples of exocrine glands?

A

sweat, salivary, lacrimal

22
Q

What are some examples of endocrine glands?

A

adrenal, thyroid, pituitary

23
Q

connective tissue (def)

A

most abundant and widely distributed in body, degree of vascularity is highly variable

24
Q

What are five functions of connective tissue?

A
  1. binds organs together
  2. protection
  3. support
  4. insulation
  5. transportation
25
Q

what are the three structural elements of connective tissue?

A

ground substance, fibers, and cells

26
Q

connective tissue is composed mostly of ___

A

a non-living extracellular matrix made of ground substance and fibers, separating living tissue cells

27
Q

What are the four types of connective tissue?

A

Connective tissue proper
Cartilage
Bone
Blood

28
Q

connective tissue proper

A

gel-like ground substance, all three fiber types

binding tissue, resists stress and tension

29
Q

What are the three types of fibers?

A

collagen, reticular, and elastic

30
Q

What are the two types of connective tissue proper?

A

loose connective tissue

dense connective tissue

31
Q

loose connective tissue

A

loosely woven, irregular arrangement of fiber and cells in a gel like matrix

L: under skin, around kidneys, around eyeballs, within abdoman, in breasts

F: reserve food, insulate, protect organs

32
Q

What are three types of loose connective tissue?

A

areolar, reticular, and adipose

33
Q

adipose

A

a type of loose connective tissue - a large drop of fat takes of most of the space in adipocytes, tightly packed and highly vascular

34
Q

dense connective tissue

A

closely packed bundles of thick fibers with little ground substance and fewer cells, also called fibrous connective tissue

L: tendons, most ligaments, dermis of skin, fibrous capsules of organs and joints

F: provide strong attachment between structures, can withstand applied force

35
Q

cartilage

A

tough but flexible, no blood vessels or nerves. Dense network of collagen and elastin in firm ground substance. The chondrocytes are found in cavities within the matrix. surface is surrounded by perichondrium membrane

36
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

hyaline
fibro
elastic

37
Q

hyaline

A

“gristle”, bluish white shiny mass with numerous chondrocytes and collagen fibers

F: supports and reinforces, cushioning, reduces stress

L: embryonic skeleton, covers the end of bones at joints, forms costal cartilage, nose, trachea, larynx

38
Q

fibro

A

rows of chondrocytes alternate with rows of thick visible collagen fibers, similar matrix to hyaline but less firm

F: strong support, withstand heavy pressure

L: intervertebral disk, pubic symphosis, discs of knees

39
Q

elastic

A

threadlike network of elastic fibers

F: maintains shape of structure while allowing flexibility

L: external ear, epiglottis

40
Q

bone

A

living osteocyte and network of collagin fibers are embedded in a hard mineral calcium matrix, well supplied with blood vessels

L: skeleton

F: supports and protects, provides levers for muscles, stores calcium, blood cell formation

41
Q

What are the two classifications of bone tissue?

A

spongey and compact

42
Q

blood

A

living cells (RBCs and WBCs) in a fluid matrix called plasma

L: within blood vessels and heart

F: transport of respitory gasses, nutrients, and waste

43
Q

muscle

A

highly cellular, well-vascularized tissue made of elongated cells called muscle fibers (no matrix)

F: most types of body movement

L: skeletal muscle attached to bones or occasionally to skin

44
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

45
Q

skeletal muscle

A

attached to bones by tendons and responsible for voluntary movement. fibers are long, thin and multinucleate. have obvious strations

46
Q

cardiac muscle

A

striated fibers branch and are bound by thickened areas called intercalated discs. found in walls of heart and propels blood into circulation. involuntary

47
Q

smooth muscle

A

non-striated fibers are spindle shaped with a central nucleus. found in walls of hollow organs and propels substances along internal passages. involuntary

48
Q

nervous

A

makes up nervous system (brain, spinal cord and nerves) which regulates and controls body function

49
Q

What are the two types of nervous tissue?

A

neuron and neuroglia

50
Q

neuron

A

highly specialized nerve cells that generate and conduct nerve impulses

51
Q

neuroglia

A

cells that support, insulate and protect the delicate neurons. do not conduct nerve impulses. frequent site of tumors in nervous system (aka “nerve glue”)

A&P 1 - Unit 1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions