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A&P 1 - Unit 1 > 1-1. Introduction/Directional Terms > Flashcards

1-1. Introduction/Directional Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

the study of the structure of the body parts and their relationship to one another

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2
Q

Physiology

A

the study of the functions of the body and its parts

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3
Q

What is Anatomy and Physiology, colloquially?

A

what do the body parts look like (Anatomy) and how do they work (Physiology)

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4
Q

Principle of Complimentarity

A

each structure in the body is designed to carry out its specific functions

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5
Q

Organizational Levels (define)

A

made of matter; highly organized; seven levels of organization

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6
Q

What are the levels of organization, in order?

A
  1. Atom
  2. Molecule
  3. Cells
  4. Tissues
  5. Organs
  6. Organ Systems
  7. Organism
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7
Q

Atom

A

First level;

smallest unit of an element; basic building block of matter

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8
Q

Molecule

A

Second level;

two or more atoms bonded together

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9
Q

Cell

A

third level;
smallest unit of life, made of trillions of molecules
basic building block of the body

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10
Q

Tissue

A

fourth level;

a group of similar cells that have a common function/purpose

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11
Q

Organ

A

fifth level;

distinct structure made of two or more different tissues

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12
Q

Organ System

A

sixth level;

group of organs that work together for a common purpose

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13
Q

Organism

A

seventh (final) level;

a living human being made up of 11 organ systems

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14
Q

matter

A

anything that has mass and occupies space

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15
Q

List all organ systems

A 
integumentary
skeletal
muscular
nervous
endocrine
cardiovascular
lymphatic
respiratory
digestive
urinary
reproductive
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16
Q

anatomical position

A

standard body position: stand upright, feet flat on floor, face forward, arms at sides, palms forward

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17
Q

directional terms

A

refer to the body as if it is in the anatomical position, regardless of its actual position

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18
Q

List the pairs of directional terms

A 
superior - inferior
anterior - posterior
medial - lateral
proximal - distal
superficial - deep
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19
Q

superior

A

cranial; towards the head end (“above”)

opposite of inferior

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20
Q

inferior

A

caudal; away from the head end (“below”)

opposite of superior

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21
Q

anterior

A

ventral; toward or at the front (“belly”)

opposite of posterior

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22
Q

posterior

A

dorsal; toward or at the back (“tail”)

opposite of anterior

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23
Q

medial

A

towards the midline of the body

opposite of lateral

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24
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline of the body

opposite of medial

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25
Q

proximal

A

closer to the origin (beginning) of the body part or to the point of attachment
opposite of distal

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26
Q

distal

A

further from the origin or point of attachment

opposite of proximal

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27
Q

superficial

A

external; towards the surface

opposite of deep

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28
Q

deep

A

internal; away from the surface

opposite of superficial

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29
Q

The ankle is ____ to the knee.

A

distal

30
Q

The ears are ____ to the nose.

A

lateral

31
Q

The chin is ____ to the neck

A

superior

32
Q

The esophagus is ____ to the trachea.

A

posterior

33
Q

The skin is ____ to the muscle.

A

superficial

34
Q

regional names (definition)

A

used to designate specific areas of the body

35
Q

body sections (definition)

A

a flat surface resulting from a cut (actual or mechanical/imaging)

36
Q

List the body sections

A

frontal section
transverse (coronal) section
sagittal section (midsagital and parasagital)

37
Q

List the types of sagittal sections

A

midsagittal and parasagittal

38
Q

frontal section

A

made by a cut that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

39
Q

transverse section

A

(coronal section) - cross section made by a cut that divides the body into superior and inferior parts

40
Q

sagittal section

A

made by a cut that divides the body into right and left parts
two types: midsagittal and parasagittal

41
Q

midsagittal section

A

through the midline, dividing the body into equal right and left parts

42
Q

parasagittal section

A

not through the midline, dividing the body into unequal right and left parts

43
Q

body cavities (definition)

A

spaces inside the body containing organs and separated by bones and muscle

44
Q

List the body cavities

A

Dorsal cavity
>cranial cavity
>spinal cavity

Ventral cavity
   >thorasic cavity
      -pleural cavity
      -pericardial cavity
      -superior mediastinu
   >abdominopelvic cavity
      -abdominal cavity
      -pelvic cavity
45
Q

dorsal cavity

A

smaller section near the back; composed of cranial cavity and spinal cavity

46
Q

cranial cavity

A

superior dorsal cavity containing the brain, inside the skull

47
Q

spinal cavity

A

inferior dorsal cavity inside of backbone

48
Q

ventral cavity

A

large cavity near the front, contains the viscera

49
Q

viscera

A

organs within the cavity

50
Q

thorasic cavity

A

superior ventral cavity, commonly called the chest; superior to the diaphram, surrounded by ribcage; contains the pleural cavity, pericardial cavity, and superior mediastinum

51
Q

pleural cavity

A

within the thorasic cavity, encloses each lung

52
Q

pericardial cavity

A

within the thorasic cavity, encloses the heart

53
Q

superior mediastinum

A

within the thorasic cavity, center of the thorax between the lungs

54
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

inferior ventral cavity, large and inferior to the diaphram, contains the abdominal and pelvic cavities

55
Q

abdominal cavity

A

within the abdominopelvic cavity, contains digestive viscera

56
Q

pelvic cavity

A

within the abdominopelvic cavity, lower region within the bony pelvis containing bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs

57
Q

abdominopelvic quadrants (definition)

A

used for locating the site of pain or tumor

58
Q

List the abdominopelvic quadrants.

A

RUQ - right upper
LUQ - left upper
RLQ - right lower
LLQ - left lower

59
Q

serous membrane

A

a double-walled membrane that covers the walls of the ventral body cavity and the surface of the organs it contains

60
Q

What are the two types of serous membrane?

A 
parietal serosa (outer layer, lines cavity walls)
visceral serosa (inner layer, covers organs)
61
Q

What membrane covers the ventral body cavity?

A

serous membrane

62
Q

serous fluid

A

thin layer of lubricating fluid between the two layers; allows organs to move without friction

63
Q

Which serous membranes are found in the pericardium cavity?

A

parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium

64
Q

parietal pericardium

A

outer lining of the pericardial cavity

65
Q

visceral pericardium

A

covers surface of heart

66
Q

Which serous membranes are found in the pleural cavity?

A

parietal pleura and visceral pleura

67
Q

parietal pleura

A

outer lining of pleural cavity

68
Q

visceral pleura

A

covers surface of lungs

69
Q

parietal serosa

A

outer layer, lines ventral body cavity walls

70
Q

visceral serosa

A

inner layer, covers organs (viscera) in the ventral cavity

A&P 1 - Unit 1 (8 decks)

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