3.Rulling The Countryside Flashcards
When the East India company got the deewani right
1785
The Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II granted the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa to the East India Company in 1765
When the EIC got the deewani right what would the result
Company were using the revenue of tax collection to buy the goods from India instead of exchange of gold and silver
To improve the revenue stability EIC introduced which policy and system
Permanent settlement in 1793
Mahalwari system
Ryotwari system
Who introduced permanent settlement
1793
Lord cornwallis
What was a permanent settlement plane
The Permanent Settlement of 1793
For the regular flow of revenue.
made zamindars landowners responsible for collecting taxes from peasants and paying a fixed, unchanging revenue to the British.
It granted zamindars hereditary rights, but led to peasant exploitation, agricultural stagnation, and benefited the zamindars while securing revenue for the British.
Who made mahalwari system
Hoh mackenzie
The Mahalwari System
The Mahalwari System (1822) was a land revenue system
revenue was assessed for a village or group of villages (mahal), with village leaders responsible for tax collection.
It allowed periodic revisions of taxes, unlike the fixed Permanent Settlement.
What was ryotwari systen(southern india)
The Ryotwari System (1820) allowed individual farmers (ryots) to pay taxes directly to the British,
making them landowners. The tax was periodically revised based on land productivity,
but high taxes led to farmer distress.
Who introduced rayatwari system
Alexander read and Thomas Munro
Indigo is best grown in which climate
Tropical climate
Nij cultivation meaning
The planter produced Indigo in land directly control the either bath the land or entered it from produced Indigo by directly employing labourers
Why the peasant rebelled because of indigo
the British due to forced growing of indigo instead of food crops, unfair pricing, high debts, poor working conditions, and crop failures.
The Indigo Rebellion of 1859 was a response to these exploitative practices, as farmers sought fair treatment and the right to choose their crops.
What happened after collaping of Indigo production in Bengal
The planter now shifted operation to bihar
When Mahatma Gandhi visited Champaran
1917
The beginning of Champaran movement against the Indigo planters
Ryot and ryoti meaning
Peasant
Cultivation on ryots land
