3rd Mastery Flashcards
This branch deals with both the
external and internal structures of organism
Morphology
The subject concerning internal. structure is
also known as
Anatomy
Each living organism consists of one
or more cells. Structures and functions of cells
are treated in this branch of Biology
Cytology
In this branch discussion is made on
structure, location and function of different
tissues.
Histology
This branch includes all the
activities of living things e.g. growth respiration, excretion, photosynthesis and other biological
activities.
Physiology
In this branch discussion is made on
identification nomenclature, and classification of plants and animals into groups and subgroups
Taxonomy
are internal buds
found in sponges and
are involved in asexual
reproduction.
• It is an asexually
reproduced mass of
cells, that is capable of
developing into a new
organism i.e., an adult
sponge.
Gemmules
detached
pieces of the parent’s
body can develop into a
new organism if this
body part contains
enough genetic
information.
• Some flat worms and
starfish can reproduce
by
Regeneration
Asexual reproduction in
plants is also called
Vegetative Reproduction
is the process by which pollen is
transferred from the anther (male part) to
the stigma (female part) of the plant, thereby
enabling fertilization and reproduction.
Pollination
Stages of Animal Development
A.Gametogenesis
B. Fertilization
C. Cleavage
D.Gastrulation
E. Organogenesis
F. Differentiation
G. Growth
Mammal females,
except monotremes,
develop a new embryo
inside their body.
- This extra protection
increases an organism’s
chances of survival.
- eggs are fertilized inside the
female’s body.
Internal Fertilization
During external fertilization, the egg
is fertilized outside the female’s body.
- Male and female gametes are released into these species’ surroundings where they fuse, forming a zygote.
- Usually happens in water
External Fertilization
are animals that have both
female and male reproductive
organs.
HERMAPHRODITES
• Earthworms and leeches are
hermaphrodites, but as they
produce eggs and sperm at
different times, they need a
mate to reproduce.
• Flatworms are hermaphrodites
that can self-fertilize.
In some animal species,
eggs can develop without
fertilization
Parthenogenesis
- Some types of birds
and bees can reproduce
by parthenogenesis.
Central female organ of the
flower. It is generally bowling-pin
shaped and located in the center of
the flower.
Pistil
receives pollen, typically
flattened and sticky
Stigma
connective tissues between
stigma and ovary
Style
contains ovules or embryo
sacs
Ovary
Unfertilized, Immature seeds
Ovule
Male flower organ
Stamen
Pollen producing organs
Anther
Stalk supporting anther
Filament
Usually colorful modified
leaves that make up the “flower”,
collectively called the corolla. They
may contain perfume and nectar glands
Petal
Protective leaf-like
enclosures for the flower buds, usually green, collectively called calyx.
Sepal
Base of the flower
Receptacle
Flower stalk of an individual flower
Pedicel
organisms that obtain energy
from sunlight and chemicals to produce their
own food.
Autotrophs
