2 Flashcards
Macromolecules are built (synthesized) within the cell itself in a process called
Dehydration synthesis/ condensation reaction
_ and _ are two
important polysaccharides found in
plants, and both are composed of long
chains of glucose
Starch cellulose
enzyme that digest
cellulose
Cellulase
occur in plant tissues,
especially of fruits that bind water
and sugar to make viscous solutions or
gel.
Pectin
they are relatively insoluble
Lipids
The most important subclasses of
lipids in your body are
triglycerides,
phospholipids, and steroids
are a major type of lipid
Fats
Fats are broken down by _
reactions in cells to release energy
for use by those cells.
hydrolysis
an oxygen
dependent pathway of ATP
formation
Aerobic respiration
takes place
within the cell cytoplasm; without o2
Anaerobic respiration
Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
• Product:
8 NADH
2 ATP
2 FADH
6 CO2
FAD –
Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide
oxidizing of food molecule like
glucose to form carbon dioxide and
water.
Cellular respiration
Three stages of cellular respiration
- Glycolysis
- Kreb’s Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle
- Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
splitting of sugar
Glycolysis
2phases of glycolysis
• 1. Energy Investment Phase – ATP is
consumed
• 2. Energy Harvesting Phase – ATP is
produced
• Product pf glycolysis
2NADH, 2 ATP, and 2
The final acceptor of electrons in
the electron transport chain is
molecular_
Oxygen
Cellular Respiration Product
Glycolysis
?
Kreb?
Etc?
2
2
32
A sequence of reactions
using electrons from
NADPH and some of the
ATP to reduce carbon
dioxide to Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate
Reduction
carbon dioxide
is attached to ribulose 1, 5-
bisphosphate resulting in a six
carbon molecule that splits
into three carbon molecule.
Carbon fixation
Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate is
regenerated. For every three turns of
the cycle, five molecules of
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate are used to
reform three molecules of Ribulose 1,5-
bisphosphate. The remaining
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is then used
to make glucose, fatty acids or glycerol.
Regeneration of RuBP
DNA IS MADE OF
TWO
STRANDS OF
POLYNUCLEOTIDE
The bond that holds together
amino acids into a large
macromolecule called a
Polypeptide
the
building blocks of
proteins!!
Amino acid
most common type of
proteins
- have folded ball like
structure
Globular proteins
protein with an elongated shape. Fibrous proteins provide
structural support for cells and tissues.
• Long thread like structures
Fibrous protein
called neutral fats
or just fats, are
synthesized from
a molecule of
glycerol and three
fatty acids
Triglycerides
called neutral fats
or just fats, are
synthesized from
a molecule of
glycerol and three
fatty acids
Triglycerides
