3.Plants and animal cells Flashcards
Types of carbohydrates
Simple sugars
Complex Carbohydrates
types of simple sugars
-Monosaccharides and Disaccharides.
-They are sweet soluble molecules
what are complex carbohydrates
long polymers of monosaccharides.
non-sweet soluble molecules
list the pentose sugars
ribose, deoxyribose
list the hexoses
glucose, galactose and fructose
three disaccharides+ which monosaccharides they are made from
Maltose=Glucose+Glucose
Lactose=glucose+galactose
Sucrose=Glucose+fructose
list the polysaccharides in plants and animals
plants=starch and cellulose
animals=glycogen
glycogen function
energy storage in animals
starch and cellulose functions
starch=energy storage in plants
cellulose=component of plant cell walls
what is cellular respiration
the release of energy from glucose in mitochondria in cells
aerobic cellular respiration
-occurs in the cytosol and mitochondria and is catabolic, exergonic
-30-32ATP formed
aerobic respiration word+chemical formula
glucose+oxygen->carbon dioxide+ water
C6H12O6+6O2->6CO2+6H2O
what does ATP become to release energy
Adenosine-Di-Phosphate(ADP) + Pi(inorganic phosphate molecule)
examples of uses for ATP
controlling body temp
active transport
muscle contractions
protein synthesis
3 parts of aerobic cellular respiration
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron transport chain
where does electron transport chain occur
in the cristae in the mitochondria (the folds)
where does krebs cycle occur
mitochondrial matrix
what is anaerobic cellular respiration
the release of energy in cells in the absence of oxygen
anaerobic cellular respiration word+ molecular formula in animals
Glucose->lactic acid (lactate)
C6H12O6->2C3H6O3
where does glycolysis occur
in the cytosol of the cell
Aerobic vs Anaerobic respiration
Aerobic anaerobic
-requires oxygen -does not require oxygen
-glucose completely broken down -glucose partially broken down
-carbon dioxide and water -lactic acid(animals)
-30-32ATP -2 ATP
-occurs in cytosol & mitochondrion -only in cytosol
oxygen debt
lactic acid is transported to the liver for lactic acid to be broken down into carbon dioxide and water once oxygen can be supplied to the muscles.
anaerobic cellular respiration word + molecular formula in yeast
glucose -> Carbon dioxide + ethanol
C6H12O6 -> 2CO2 + 2C2H5OH
photosynthesis word + molecular formula
carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen
6CO2 + 6H20 ->C6H12O6 + 6O2
-light, chlorophyll and excess water should be written above the arrow
stages of photosynthesis + where they occur
light dependent stage-in the grana
light independent-in the stroma
factors affecting rate of photosynthesis
light intensity
carbon dioxide concentration
temperature
water is not a limiting factor
