3.asepsis

Question 1

Asepsis definition

Answer 1

the killing of microbes from outside of the operative wound by means of physical methods
-killing of alll microbes and their endospores

Question 2

Methods of Asepsis

Answer 2

1.Physical
2.Chemical

Question 3

Physical methods of asepsis

Answer 3

1.dry heat - flaming, baking, hot air oven
2.moist heat - autoclave: most secure with heated steam under pressure
120C and 1atm for 45min
or
134C and 3atm for 20 min
=is more superior to dry heat
3.Ionizing radiation
-gamma camera: uses radioactive cobalt 60 isotope emitting high energy gamma waves
-cool sterilization with ultrasound

Question 4

Chemical methods

Answer 4

1. ethylene oxide = gas sterilization, best method but expensive
2. 2% aqueous solution of glutaraldehyde

Question 5

history of asepsis

Answer 5

1.ernst bergmann and schimmelbush used boiling water and steam to kill microbes on instruments and surgical sheats
2.originated from antisepsis

Question 6

operating theatre must have

Answer 6

1.one operating table
2.ceiling and side lamps - should have diffuse light and be movable, hanging and have a spare electricity source
3.instrument tables
4.anaesthesiology module
5.central aspiration system, oxygen system
6.electrocoagulation -ligature-for sealing of vessels
7.laparoscopic module with set of instruments
8.intraoperative ultrasonography set
9.laser ablation set
10.electrocautery

—diffuse lighting and windows must be at north

Question 7

additional rooms

Answer 7

1.sterilization room and facility
2.washing room
3.washing room for surgical team
4.anesthesia room - for pre-operative medication
5.cast room
6.changing room
7.storage room for instruments