3A1 - Ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome Flashcards
Understand the significance of contributions from Ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome.
What is the Rosetta Stone?
A historical artifact made of granodiorite with inscriptions in multiple languages, including hieroglyphics, Demotic script, and ancient Greek.
What was the significance of the Rosetta Stone’s translation?
It allowed for the translation of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics, unlocking the ability to read hieroglyphics on other ancient Egyptian artifacts.
What were some characteristics of ancient Egyptian architecture and infrastructure projects?
- Massive in scale and scope.
- Led by teams of craftsmen and architects.
- Used for a variety of purposes.
- A wide variety of construction techniques and tools were used.
What kind of buildings did they have in ancient Egypt?
- Temple structures
- Pyramids
- Mastabas
Ancient Egypt was home to a variety of types of buildings. Iconic structures, such as the pyramids, are still visited by millions of visitors a year. Temple structures, pyramids, and mastabas were built to honor the dead. Ceremonial structures often incorporated masonry pillars that held up massive, often rectangular, designed structures.
What were the main features of Egyptian architecture and art?
- Religious subject matter.
- Hieroglyphic writing and artistic depictions of deities.
It is also common to see obelisks and pillars adorning the landscape of ancient Egyptian temple complexes.
What are the 3 seas that surround the landform of mainland Greece?
- Ionian Sea
- Mediterranean Sea
- Aegean Sea
What percentage of the Greek mainland is covered by mountains?
80%
What is the tallest mountain in Greece?
Mount Olympus
What was the role of mountains and islands in shaping the development of Greek city-states?
They separated the city-states, allowing them to develop independently.
What were the major differences between the Greek city-states?
- Cultural and governmental differences.
- Athens: Known for developing the concept of democracy, had a political system where citizens participated directly in decision-making.
- Sparta: had a mixed governing system that included two kings, a group of elders (Gerousia), and an Assembly of citizens. The unique feature was the dual kingship and the heavy emphasis on military rule.
What was one major difference between the city-states of Athens and Sparta in Ancient Greece?
- Athens gave rise to the world’s first democracy, known for intellectual and scientific development.
- Sparta developed into a military oligarchy with a renowned army.
How did the geography of Greece differ from other ancient civilizations like Mesopotamia and Persia?
- Greece bordered three seas, had sea-going vessels, and developed colonies through sea trade.
- Mesopotamia and Persia had little coastline and ventured out to sea infrequently.
What were the main agricultural products of Ancient Greece?
Olives and grapes.
What were the primary reasons for Greece to import grain?
- Insufficient homegrown supplies.
- Inconsistent rainfall.
Where is Rome located?
Italy
Rome is the capital city of Italy and is located in the country’s central region on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea.
Who legalized the growing religion of Christianity in Rome?
Constantine
What was the primary language of the Roman civilization?
Latin
What significant contributions did Rome make to architecture?
- Aqueducts that supplied water.
- The Colosseum for sporting events.
Who were the legal experts in ancient Rome who scrutinized laws and tested them with hypothetical situations?
Jurists
(Juris prudentes)
Who was Constantine?
Roman Emperor who ruled from 306 to 337 CE.
