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Praxis (5004) - Elem. Ed: Social Studies > 1G1 - Key Documents and Speeches of Early America > Flashcards

1G1 - Key Documents and Speeches of Early America Flashcards

Understand and explain the Declaration of Independence, the U.S. Constitution, the Bill of Rights, the Articles of Confederation, the Federalist Papers, the Gettysburg Address, the Emancipation Proclamation, Letters from a Birmingham Jail, and I Have a Dream Speech.

1
Q

What document established the government that would rule over the Plymouth Colony?

A

Mayflower Compact

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2
Q

What was the first constitution of the United States?

A

Articles of Confederation

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3
Q

When was the United States Constitution ratified?

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A

1788

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4
Q

What are the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution collectively called?

A

Bill of Rights

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5
Q

Who wrote a series of articles known as the Federalist Papers?

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A
  • Alexander Hamilton
  • John Jay
  • James Madison
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6
Q

When was the United States Constitution written and ratified?

A

1787 and 1788

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7
Q

What document severed the ties between American colonists and England in 1776?

A

Declaration of Independence

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8
Q

What document established the first government run by a Continental Congress?

A

Articles of Confederation

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9
Q

What collection of 85 essays helped explain the Constitution to the people?

A

Federalist Papers

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10
Q

When were the first ten amendments to the Constitution ratified?

A

1791

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11
Q

What is Freedom of Speech?

A

A constitutional protection that gives individuals and communities the right to present their ideas and opinions without fear of being censored by the government.

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12
Q

What does the First Amendment of the Constitution guarantee?

A

The right to free speech, press, assembly, and religion.

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13
Q

What are some cons of Freedom of Speech?

A
  • Could be used to encourage violence against other members of society.
  • Allows the spread of potentially harmful misinformation.
  • Can be used by powerful individuals to drown out other voices.
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14
Q

What is Freedom of the Press?

A

A right related to freedom of speech that protects journalists, news outlets, and other ways of publicly disseminating information.

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15
Q

What is Freedom of Assembly?

A

The right to gather publicly and privately without fear of being arrested or otherwise disrupted.

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16
Q

What are some limitations of the Freedom of Assembly?

A
  • Assemblies of people must be peaceable.
  • Assembling specifically to hurt other people, destroy property, or prevent vital public services from functioning is prohibited.
  • The government must have a compelling interest in order to restrict freedom of assembly.
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17
Q

What examples count as forms of speech?

A
  • Paintings
  • Movies
  • Television shows
  • Books
  • Actions
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18
Q

What was the outcome of Texas v. Johnson regarding freedom of speech?

A

It protected the right to burn the American flag as a form of speech.

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19
Q

What was the ruling in Tinker v. Des Moines regarding freedom of speech?

A

The court ruled that wearing black armbands in protest of the Vietnam War was a protected form of speech under the First Amendment.

20
Q

Why is freedom of speech important?

A
  • Allows for public discourse.
  • Facilitates the expression of new ideas.
  • Advances scientific and artistic endeavors.
  • Promotes unity by breaking down barriers between individuals.
21
Q

What rights does Freedom of Speech encompass?

A
  • Speech
  • Press
  • Assembly
22
Q

Why are limitations placed on freedom of speech?

A
  • To prevent harm caused by certain forms of speech.
  • To prevent incitement of violence.
  • To prevent the spread of false information.
23
Q

What is the significance of freedom of speech in democratic societies?

A
  • Allows for the free exchange of ideas.
  • Promotes progress.
  • Helps find solutions to societal problems.
24
Q

Who primarily wrote the Declaration of Independence?

A

Thomas Jefferson

25
Q

When was the Declaration of Independence approved by the Continental Congress?

A

July 4, 1776

26
Q

What was the purpose of Thomas Paine’s pamphlet Common Sense?

A

Advocated direct independence from Great Britain.

27
Q

What are the five distinct parts of the Declaration of Independence?

A
  1. Introduction
  2. Preamble
  3. Indictment
  4. Denunciation
  5. Conclusion
28
Q

List the three inalienable rights mentioned in the preamble of the Declaration of Independence.

A
  • Life
  • Liberty
  • Pursuit of Happiness
29
Q

Who was the oldest signer of the Declaration of Independence at 70 years old?

A

Benjamin Franklin

30
Q

What are the four main actions that the United States could now perform as an independent country according to the conclusion of the Declaration of Independence?

A
  • Levy War
  • Conclude Peace
  • Contract Alliances
  • Establish Commerce
31
Q

What famous phrase from the Declaration of Independence has gone on to influence American attitudes and declarations of independence in other countries?

A

The idea that all men are created equal.

32
Q

What was the Gettysburg Address?

A
  • The speech President Abraham Lincoln delivered on November 19, 1863, during the American Civil War.
  • Focused on the theme of national unity and the importance of preserving the Union.
  • Honored the fallen soldiers and called for a “new birth of freedom” to ensure that “government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”
33
Q

Why is the Gettysburg Address important?

A
  • Frequently cited and referenced in discussions about democracy, equality, and the values of the United States.
  • Speech is memorized and recited by students and remains a cornerstone of American civic education.
34
Q

What was the important proclamation President Lincoln issued that declared all enslaved people in the Confederacy were to be freed?

A

Emancipation Proclamation

(January 1, 1863)

35
Q

What changed as a goal for the Union after the Emancipation Proclamation?

A

Abolition of slavery was a new goal for the Union army.

36
Q

What are two effects of the Emancipation Proclamation?

A
  1. It paved the way for the eventual abolition of slavery throughout the United States with the passage of the 13th Amendment.
  2. Allowed for the recruitment of African Americans into the Union Army and Navy.
37
Q

What are the Letters from a Birmingham Jail?

A

Written by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in April 1963, while incarcerated in Birmingham, Alabama, after being arrested for participating in nonviolent protests against segregation.

38
Q

What did Dr. King defend in the Letters from a Birmingham Jail?

A

Strategy of nonviolent direct action.

Dr. King explained that it was necessary to create a crisis and foster tension to force negotiation. He argued that waiting for justice through traditional channels often meant indefinite delays, quoting, “justice too long delayed is justice denied.”

39
Q

What are three reasons the Letters from a Birmingham Jail are important?

A
  1. Profound insights into justice, civil disobedience, and the ethical demands of social movements.
  2. The letter’s eloquence and powerful argumentation helped to galvanize support for the civil rights movement.
  3. Remains a crucial text for understanding the moral imperatives behind the struggle for equality and justice.
40
Q

What was the “I Have a Dream” speech?

A

The speech delivered by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on August 28, 1963, during the March on Washington for jobs and freedom.

41
Q

What are 3 important reasons the “I Have a Dream” speech is still important to understand today?

A
  1. Supported the growing civil rights movement and drew national and international attention to the struggle for racial equality in the United States.
  2. Played a significant role in the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
  3. The speech remains a defining moment in American history and a symbol of the ongoing fight for civil rights and social justice.
42
Q

What is important about the Fourth Amendment?

A
  • Protection from unreasonable searches and seizures.
  • Requirement of a warrant supported by probable cause for searches and seizures.
43
Q

Why is the Fifth Amendment significant?

A
  • Right to due process of law.
  • Protection against double jeopardy (being tried twice for the same offense).
  • Protection against self-incrimination.
  • Guarantee of just compensation for property taken for public use (eminent domain).
44
Q

What does the Sixth Amendment guarantee?

A
  • Right to a speedy and public trial.
  • Right to an impartial jury.
  • Right to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation.
  • Right to confront witnesses against the accused.
  • Right to obtain witnesses in favor of the accused.
  • Right to have the assistance of counsel for defense.
45
Q

Why is the Eighth Amendment important?

A
  • Protection against excessive bail.
  • Protection against excessive fines.
  • Protection against cruel and unusual punishment.

Praxis (5004) - Elem. Ed: Social Studies (23 decks)

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