3a- USA - AC - Influence On Global Migration Flashcards
What are the USAs current patterns of emigration + immigration
- 40 million immigrants in USA
- 15% of total population are migrants = 30% of this Mexican
- 3 Million Americans Abroad
- majority of immigration + emigration to and from Mexico
High % significant due to large pop size
What are the reasons for the current patterns of immigration + emigration - USA
- positive immigration policy = green card system
- employment opportunities for high and low skilled workers
- Wage differences = opportunities for remittances
How many visas can USA give a year as part of immigration + Naturalisation act
Annual limit of 650,000
How many visas does the USA provide to migrants with skills valuable to economy
150,000 visas available a year for highly skilled workers = normally sponsored through a company
Economic impacts of USAs interdependence with Mexico
- Low skilled Mexicans (many illegal) contribute to USA economic by working in construction + Agriculture
- Remittances make up 2% Mexican GDP
- NAFTA has increased trade = reciprocal trade between M + U is £1.4 billion/ day (Political impact as well)
Political impacts of USAs interdependence with Mexico
- Co-ordination over issues such as border security, drug trade + human trafficking BUT Political power mains unbalanced
- NAFTA has increased trade = reciprocal trade between M + U is £1.4 billion/ day
Social impacts of USAs interdependence with Mexico
- Growing diasporas/ communities in both Mexico + USA
- 2013 - 12 million Mexicans in USA + 1 million Americans in Mexico
USAs influence on global migration causes …
Opportunities + challenges
What are the opportunities created by USA international Migration - Mexico
1- migrants take low-paid jobs which Americans find unattractive = 2013 main employment of Mexicans was serviced 30% = contribute to US GDP
2- US immigration policy attracts highly skilled migrants including “persons of extraordinary ability” in science or education = more entrepreneurial people start up business = provides employment
3- Most migrants are young working age = contribute to Tax revenue + adds to workforce where birth rate has declined + has ageing population
4- Mexicans send remittances home , wages are 6x higher in US = local multiplier effect + contributes to Mexican GDP (2% in 2013)
What are the Challenges created by USA international Migration
1- Estimated 12 million illegal migrants (6 mill Mexican) in USA
= controlling flow of migrants is costly + requires border control , creates political conflict eg: Trumps wall
2- Difficulty in integration of Mexican migrants into society due to language + cultural barriers = Mexican gravitate toward diaspora’s increasing the problem = Mexican migrants often blamed for unemployment problems + discrimination = social tension
3- High numbers of migrants in one place puts pressure on resources + services eg: growing demand for water supply in California
4- Young + ambitious migrants leave Mexico = brain drain affecting county’s ability to develop + survive on its own without help of remmitances
5- illegal crossing = human trafficking + safety issue for Mexican migrants
What percentage of Mexican migrants work In service sector in 2013
30%
Contribute to GDP
How much higher are wages in US compared to Mexico
6x
What percentage of Mexicos GDP is remmitances
2%
How many illegal migrants are in the US and how many of these are Mexicans
12 million
6 million are mexican
Give an example of a political conflict caused by migration in the US
Trumps wall
What is the reciprocal trade between Mexico and USA
£1.4 billion a day
How many Americans live in Mexico in 2013
1 million
Percentage of migrants in USA of total pop
15%
How many migrants in total in USA
40 million
What percentage of USAs population are migrants
15%
give an example of a place in USA that’s services and resources are under pressure due to migration
Demand for water supply in southern California
due to concentrated immigrant population
NAFTA
North American Free Trade Agreement
Goal of NAFTA was to eliminate barriers to trade and investment between the U.S., Canada and Mexico.
Wha percentage of USAs GDP is remittances
0.03%
very low due to most USA migrants moving for job opportunities not to provide for family back home
Number of US migrants abroad
3 million
