3a- USA - AC - Influence On Global Migration Flashcards
What are the USAs current patterns of emigration + immigration
- 40 million immigrants in USA
- 15% of total population are migrants = 30% of this Mexican
- 3 Million Americans Abroad
- majority of immigration + emigration to and from Mexico
High % significant due to large pop size
What are the reasons for the current patterns of immigration + emigration - USA
- positive immigration policy = green card system
- employment opportunities for high and low skilled workers
- Wage differences = opportunities for remittances
How many visas can USA give a year as part of immigration + Naturalisation act
Annual limit of 650,000
How many visas does the USA provide to migrants with skills valuable to economy
150,000 visas available a year for highly skilled workers = normally sponsored through a company
Economic impacts of USAs interdependence with Mexico
- Low skilled Mexicans (many illegal) contribute to USA economic by working in construction + Agriculture
- Remittances make up 2% Mexican GDP
- NAFTA has increased trade = reciprocal trade between M + U is £1.4 billion/ day (Political impact as well)
Political impacts of USAs interdependence with Mexico
- Co-ordination over issues such as border security, drug trade + human trafficking BUT Political power mains unbalanced
- NAFTA has increased trade = reciprocal trade between M + U is £1.4 billion/ day
Social impacts of USAs interdependence with Mexico
- Growing diasporas/ communities in both Mexico + USA
- 2013 - 12 million Mexicans in USA + 1 million Americans in Mexico
USAs influence on global migration causes …
Opportunities + challenges
What are the opportunities created by USA international Migration - Mexico
1- migrants take low-paid jobs which Americans find unattractive = 2013 main employment of Mexicans was serviced 30% = contribute to US GDP
2- US immigration policy attracts highly skilled migrants including “persons of extraordinary ability” in science or education = more entrepreneurial people start up business = provides employment
3- Most migrants are young working age = contribute to Tax revenue + adds to workforce where birth rate has declined + has ageing population
4- Mexicans send remittances home , wages are 6x higher in US = local multiplier effect + contributes to Mexican GDP (2% in 2013)
What are the Challenges created by USA international Migration
1- Estimated 12 million illegal migrants (6 mill Mexican) in USA
= controlling flow of migrants is costly + requires border control , creates political conflict eg: Trumps wall
2- Difficulty in integration of Mexican migrants into society due to language + cultural barriers = Mexican gravitate toward diaspora’s increasing the problem = Mexican migrants often blamed for unemployment problems + discrimination = social tension
3- High numbers of migrants in one place puts pressure on resources + services eg: growing demand for water supply in California
4- Young + ambitious migrants leave Mexico = brain drain affecting county’s ability to develop + survive on its own without help of remmitances
5- illegal crossing = human trafficking + safety issue for Mexican migrants
What percentage of Mexican migrants work In service sector in 2013
30%
Contribute to GDP
How much higher are wages in US compared to Mexico
6x
What percentage of Mexicos GDP is remmitances
2%
How many illegal migrants are in the US and how many of these are Mexicans
12 million
6 million are mexican
Give an example of a political conflict caused by migration in the US
Trumps wall
