2a- Why Has Migration Become Complex Flashcards

1
Q

What is economic globalisation

A
  • the world becoming increasingly interconnected = countries economies become more interdependent (Trade)
  • as a result people are moving more
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2
Q

What is a Bi-Lateral corridor

A
  • movement of migrants between 2 countries
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3
Q

What is a IDP and why are they significant

A

Internally displaced person = someone who is forced to leave their home but remains within country’s borders

Twice as many compared to refugees and do not have the same protections compared to refugees in other countries son are at risk

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4
Q

What is a result of economic globalisation

A
  • new source and host areas for migration
    = economies become more interconnected, intensified by globalisation = increases Bilateral corridors
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5
Q

What is a example of Inter-regional new host + source areas due to globalisation

A
  • increased migration to USA
  • historically mainly from Mexico = new origin countries from China
  • largely economic reasons seeking highly skilled jobs
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6
Q

What is a example of intra-regional new host + source countries due to globalisation

A
  • migration among 10 members countries of ASEAN
    (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)
  • new hosts for economic development = Thailand
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7
Q

What is a example of internal new host + source countries due to globalisation

A
  • Internal migrations within EDCs = China
  • driven by FDI (foreign direct investment) = more economic activity at urban areas
  • high levels of rural - urban migration
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8
Q

What are causes for strong Bilateral corridors forming

A
  • geographical proximity
  • similar cultures + languages
  • migration policies of countries
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9
Q

What is the largest Bi-lateral corridor in the world

A

Mexico + USA

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10
Q

What has happened to Bi-lateral corridors as a result of globalisation/Interconnectedness

A
  • flows of South-South corridors are now equal to North-South corridors
  • migrant flows used to be from poorer less developed countries of south to wealthier more developed countries of North
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11
Q

What are the 2 causes of increasing South-South corridors

A
  1. Labour migration = poorer countries trying to bridge development gap + needing young migrant workforce
  2. Increase in Refugees = Migration restrictions for entering North = faster growing economies of south offer employment
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12
Q

How has migration over time affected young migrants + female migrants

A

Young migrants = developing regions host 60% of global migrants under 20
- main reason is economic = employment opportunities + remittance possibilities

Female migrants = global increase in number of female migrants
- 2013 women made up 48 % migrants
Reasons = increase in status of women in certain countries
- growing independence and freedom on a global scale
- increase in educated women migrating for economic opportunities

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13
Q

How has conflict + persecution been a factor in complex migration and example

A

Globally number of refugees increased over time
- 2016 , 65 million refugees
- top origin country = Syria
- refugees migrate for safety usually in large numbers making it very difficult for host countries to manage

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14
Q

How have changes to national immigration + emigration policies been a factor for increasingly complex migration ( Pakistan + Canada examples)

A

Migration policies are designed to meet soc,eco,political needs of country

Pakistan = emigration policy = 2013 remittances- £12 billion
- supports development of country

Canada = immigration policy = pro immigration to fill skill gaps in labour market

Pakistan uses higher wages from other countries to develop whereas Canada uses highly skilled migrants to fill gaps

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15
Q

Key summary points of complex migration

A
  • global migration patterns are influenced by multiple interrelated factors
  • changes in 21st century make understand patterns more complex
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16
Q

What percentage of migrants were female in 2013

A

48%

17
Q

What percentage of young migrants are in developing regions

A

60%

18
Q

comparison of share of total parentage of migrant stock between South-South Corridors and North-South

A

South-North = 35%

South-South = 36%

19
Q

percentage of remittance payments sent from south-South

A

2/3

20
Q

Global number of refugees and displaced people

A

65 million

21
Q

example of how increased refugees have made migration complex-
how many Syrian Refugees did the UN identify outside of Syria and how many did they find internally displaced

A

6 million internally displaced

5 million outside of syria

22
Q

how much money do Pakistan generate from remittance payments as a result of there Pro-Emigration policy

A

£12 billion

23
Q

Give an example of a large South-South Corridor

A

Myanmar to Thailand

fill labour shortages

24
Q

What is the new legal daily wage in Thailand and how much higher is this than Myanmar

A

300 baht

10x higher than Myanmar

25
Q

What did the Lebanon government do to deal with the overwhelming number of Syrian refugees in 2015

A

have too have a entry Visa = whereas before it was unrestricted

Shows how migration can create challenges

26
Q

Compare number of refugees to IDPs

A

2x as many IDPs to refugees
do not have the same protections compared to refugees in other countries so are at risk